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Terkuak, Ini Penyebab Gempa dan Tsunami di Aceh Gempa bumi berkekuatan 9,2 skala Richter dan disusul tsunami maha dahsyat meluluhlantahkan Aceh pada 26 Desember 2004 lalu.
Peristiwa menyeramkan itu mengakibatkan lebih dari 170 ribu orang tewas, jutaan rumah hancur, dan menghancurkan kehidupan masyaraka pesisir Samudra Hindia.
Lalu, pernah terpikirkan kenapa gempa dan tsunami raksasa itu bisa terjadi?
Sejumlah peneliti internasional mencoba mengungkapkannya dan berhasil menemukan bukti baru penyebab terjadinya peristiwa menyeramkan itu.
Ekspedisi pengeboran laut dilakukan pada tahun 2016 lalu untuk menemukan jawabannya. Riset gempa itu dikerjakan oleh tim peneliti dari University of Southampton dan Colorado School of Mines dan bagian dari International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP).
Dalam ekpedisi itu kapal riset Joides Resolution mengambil sampel untuk pertama kalinya, seperti sedimen dan bebatuan dari lempeng tektonik laut yang ada di zona subdiksi Sumatera.
Lisa McNeill dari University of Southampton, yang merupakan koordinator ekspedisi riset mengatakan Tsunami Samudra Hindia pada 2004 dipicu oleh gempa yang luar biasa kuat dengan daerah pecah yang luas.
"Kami ingin mengetahui apa yang menyebabkan gempa dan tsunami besar itu terjadi. Ada apakah ada kemungkinan hal itu terjadi juga di wilayah yang punya sifat geologi serupa," kata McNeill, dilansir Science Daily, Minggu (4/6).
Tim riset gempa memusatkan penelitian pada proses dehidrasi mineral yang ada di bawah dasar laut, yang terletak di zona subdiksi. Karena biasanya proses dehidrasi mineral mempengaruhi tingkat sebuah gempa.
Tim mengambil sampel di dasar laut sedalam 1,5 km. Kemudian mereka mengukur komposisi sendimen dan sifat kimia, termal, dan fisik.
Peneliti menemukan sendimen di dasar laut tekikis dari pegunungan Himalaya dan dataran tinggi Tibet. Lalu sendimen mengalir ke sungai-sungai dan akhirnya menuju laut.
Sedimen itu sangat tebal sehingga mencapai suhu tinggu dan menyebabkan terjadi dehidrasi sempurna saat berada di zona subduksi.
Hal itu menciptakan bahan yang sangat kuat, dan menyebabkan gempa tergelincir ke permukaan patahan subduksi yang lebih besar. Dan itu yang menyebabkan gempa terjadi sangat kuat di tahun 2004.
Hasil riset tentang sampel sedimen yang ditemukan di dasar laut ini telah diterbitkan di jurnal Sciences dalam makalah baru yang penulisannya dipimpin oleh Andre Hupers dari MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences di University of Bremen.
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