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17 Orang Rela Terinfeksi Parasit Paling Mematikan Sedunia Demi Riset Tujuh belas orang warga negara Belanda setuju menyuntikkan cacing parasit ke dalam tubuh mereka selama 12 minggu. Ini dilakukan demi studi vaksin schistosomiasis, salah satu penyakit parasit paling mematikan di dunia.
Penyakit yang juga dikenal sebagai demam siput ini disebabkan oleh schistosoma, sejenis cacing pipih parasit. Setelah cacing itu masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia melalui kulit, mereka bisa menyebabkan beragam gejala, seperti gagal ginjal, kanker kandung kemih, dan infertilitas atau mandul.
Cacing ini juga dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan fisik dan kemampuan belajar anak-anak yang terinfeksi. Kondisi ini banyak ditemukan di wilayah sub-Sahara Afrika dan Amerika Selatan.
Studi untuk menemukan vaksin schistosomiasis membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit, terutama di daerah yang paling terkena dampaknya. Oleh sebab itu, tim ilmuwan asal Belanda mencoba metode penelitian yang aneh dan murah ini.
"Ya kedengarannya aneh dan gila. Ide memiliki cacing tumbuh di dalam diri Anda sangat buruk," kata Meta Roestenberg, dokter penyakit menular dari Leiden University Medical Center sekaligus pemimpin penelitian, seperti dikutipNew York Times .
Walau banyak peneliti yang tidak setuju dengan metode ini, Roestenberg berkata risiko pada relawan sangat kecil dibandingkan potensi manfaat yang didapat untuk mencegah penyakit ini.
Sebagai bukti, ia dan timnya memasukkan 20 larva jantan ke dalam masing-masing partisipan. Larva ini tidak dapat reproduksi, dan pada akhir tes, dokter memberikan obat yang disebut Praziquantel untuk menyiram infeksi dan membunuh parasit yang tersisa.
Berhasil tidaknya Praziquantel membunuh parasit di akhir penelitian ini menjadi perdebatan.
Peneliti Schistosomiasi Daniel Colley berkata kepadaScience Magazine bahwa perawatan ini 'tidak terlalu efektif', sementara dewan pengawas penelitian di Belanda menyetujui penelitian ini.
Sejauh ini belum ada laporan menyebutkan sukarelawan memiliki reaksi lebih kuat terhadap parasit, selain ruam dan demam ringan. Semua partisipan dibayar 1.200 dolar AS atau sekitar Rp 16,5 juta.