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19 Negara yang Jumlah Penduduknya Terus Berkurang Jumlah penduduk dunia terus bertambah, namun di tengah tren itu justru ada 19 negara yang penduduknya berkurang. Hal ini terjadi, karena negara-negara tersebut mengalami pertumbuhan populasi penduduk yang negatif.
World Atlas mengolah data kependudukan negara-negara di dunia, dari tiga sumber resmi. Yakni Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB), Bank Dunia (World Bank), dan CIA Factbook. Ketiga lembaga itu mendefinisikan penduduk sebagai orang yang tinggal di suatu negara, tanpa memandang kewarganegaraan atau status hukum mereka. Tapi mereka yang berstatus pengungsi, tak dimasukkan ke dalam kategori penduduk sebuah negara.
Dari data pada rentang 2005-2015, diketahui negara-negara yang mengalami penurunan jumlah penduduk mayoritas berada di Eropa. Dari 19 negara tersebut, hanya Suriah dan Jepang yang berada di Asia.
Pemicu menurunnya jumlah penduduk di suatu negara, tak melulu angka kematian yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan angka kelahiran. Di Andorra misalnya, negara kecil yang berbatasan dengan Prancis dan Spanyol ini, angka harapan hidup penduduknya mencapai 81 tahun (pria) dan 87 tahun (perempuan).
Meski demikian, Andorra menjadi negara dengan angka penurunan jumlah penduduk terbesar di dunia, yakni 3,61 persen.
Faktor yang membuat pertumbuhan penduduk negatif adalah rendahnya angka kelahiran karena masalah fertilitas, program keluarga berencana, beban ekonomi yang berat, dan angka emigrasi yang lebih besar dari imigrasi.
Faktor lain yang menurunkan populasi penduduk adalah ketidakamanan seperti tingkat kejahatan dan perang, serta bencana alam. Berikut adalah 19 negara dengan penurunan jumlah penduduk (pertumbuhan penduduk negatif):
1. Andorra -3,61 persen
2. Suriah -2,27 persen
3. Lithuania -1,63 persen
4. Georgia -1,21 persen
5. Latvia -1,18 persen
6. Romania -0,79 persen
7. Bulgaria -0,71 persen
8. Serbia -0,47 persen
9. Portugal -0,45 persen
10. Yunani -0,40 persen
11. Kroasia -0,36 persen
12. Ukraina -0,36 persen
13. Hungaria -0,32 persen
14. Estonia -0,30 persen
15. Spanyol -0,21 persen
16. Bosnia Herzegovina -0,13 persen
17. Jepang -0,12 persen
18. Moldova -0,08 persen
19. Albania -0,04 persen