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Begini dua dampak mematikan dari difteri Pakar kesehatan anak RSUP dr Kariadi Semarang, dr Hapsari SpA(K), menjelaskan setidaknya ada dua dampak mematikan dari penyakit difteri. "Difteri disebabkan bakteri yang penularannya lewat saluran nafas. Jadi, kumannya nempel di tonsil, amandel. Gejalanya, demam yang tidak tinggi, lemah lesu, dan nyeri telan," katanya, di Semarang, Kamis. Hal itu dia bilang di sela rapat koordinasi dengan dinas-dinas kesehatan kabupaten/kota dan stakeholder terkait mengenai difteri yang berlangsung di Kantor Dinas Kesehatan Jawa Tengah. Lebih lanjut, kata dia, keberadaan kuman itu akan merusak amandel, sel-sel darah merah, hingga membentuk selaput yang semakin membesar yang bisa membikin pasien mengalami sesak nafas. "Kalau selaput di tenggorokan sudah menempel amandel, menutup masuk ke dalam. Untuk mengatasinya harus dilakukan trakeostomi," kata Ketua Divisi Infeksi Tropis Bagian Anak RSUP dr Kariadi itu. Tak hanya itu, kata dia, toksin atau racun yang disebabkan kuman difteri juga bisa menyerang organ lain, di antaranya jantung, otot mulut, hingga ginjal sehingga dampaknya mematikan. "Jadi, pertama yang mematikan difteri karena sumbatan yang bisa menyebabkan sesak nafas, kedua toksinnya. Kalau menyerang jantung bisa keringat dingin, otot mulut bisa tersedak," katanya. Untuk mengantisipasi penularan difteri, Hapsari mengingatkan perlu mewaspadai faktor pembawa, yakni orang yang tidak menunjukkan gejala atau memiliki penyakit aktif, tetapi membawa dan menularkan. "Yang membawa bakteri atau kuman ini tidak sakit, tetapi bisa menularkan ke orang lain. Difterikhan penularannya langsung. Makanya, justru membahayakan kalau ada pembawa ini," katanya. Perubahan cuaca ekstrem yang terjadi belakangan, kata dia, tidak juga memengaruhi kemunculan difteri setelah sekian lama, sebab penyakit itu bisa muncul saat musim dingin dan kemarau. Sementara itu, Kepala Dinkes Jawa Tengah, dr Yulianto Prabowo, mengatakan, difteri yang disebabkan bakteriCorynebacterium diphtheriae adalah penyakit yang sudah lama tidak pernah ada. Akan tetapi, kata dia, penyakit difteri sekarang ini muncul lagi, atau istilahnyare-emerging desease sehingga banyak dokter, perawat, tenaga medis yang tidak mengenal penyakit itu. "Ya, mereka banyak yang belum pernah lihat secara langsung penyakit ini, pun ketika sekolah jadi dokter. Sebab, penyakit ini memang sudah tidak ada lama sekali. Sekarang, muncul lagi," katanya. Oleh karena itu, ia memastikan untuk melakukan penyegaran terhadap penatalaksanaan difteri di seluruh fasilitas kesehatan, mulai puskesmas hingga rumah sakit, baik pemerintah maupun swasta.
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