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4 JenisMood yang Bisa Terjadi pada Orang dengan Gangguan Bipolar Uzone.id -Kita semua tahu bahwa gangguan bipolar merupakan gangguan perasaan sedih atau senang secara berlebihan yang terjadi dalam waktu cukup lama. Menurut dr. Hervita Diatri, SpKJ(K), perwakilan dari Pokdi Bipolar DKI Jakarta, kondisi ini dapat mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi pada penderita dan orang-orang di sekitarnya.
Gangguan bipolar sering berkembang di akhir masa remaja atau dewasa awal. Setidaknya setengah dari semua kasus terjadi sebelum usia 25 tahun. Tidak ada penyebab tunggal pada gangguan bipolar. Sebaliknya, banyak faktor yang kemungkinan saling memengaruhi, sehingga gangguan ini timbul atau risikonya meningkat.
“Penyebab gangguan bipolar masih sulit ditetapkan karena bersifat multifaktoral, melibatkan faktor biologi, psikologis, sosial, kultural dan spiritual,” ujar Hervita.
Faktor biologis memegang peran besar dikaitkan dengan faktor genetik dan neuotransmiter di otak. Secara psikososial, gangguan ini dikaitkan dengan pola asuh pada masa kanak-kanak dan berbagai faktor stres dari lingkungan sekitar.
Biacara mengenai gejalanya, beberapa orang mengalami gejala pertama selama masa kanak-kanak, sementara yang lain mungkin mengembangkan gejala-gejala di akhir hidupnya. Suasana perasaan ataumood pada gangguan bipolar bisa timbul dalam bentuk episode-episode. Berikut adalah jenis-jenismood pada gangguan bipolar:
Depresi
Suasana perasaan yang sedih atau murung, dan disertai hilangnya minat. Kondisi ini menetap selama dua minggu.
Mania
Suasana perasaan yang menunjukkan rasa gembira atauirritable berlebih, dan menetap selama minimal satu minggu.
Hipomanik
Suasana perasaan yang bersifat meningkat dan menetap selama empat hari.
Campuran
Memenuhi kriteria episode manik atau hipomanik dan episode depresi mayor (kecuali kriteria waktu). Kondisi ini terjadi hampir setiap hari, selama paling sedikit satu minggu.
Angka kejadian gangguan bipolar di dunia pun cukup nyata. Menurut Hervita, gangguan bipolar terjadi pada sekitar 34-36 persen populasi sepanjang hidupnya. Artinya, 1 dari 3 orang di dunia sedikitnya pernah mengalami gangguan bipolar.
Angka ini sama atau jauh lebih besar dibandingkan penyakit fisik. Karena itu, Hervita mengingatkan bahwa gangguan bipolar perlu menjadi perhatian masyarakat.