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Awas! Akibat Polusi Udara Umur Manusia Berkurang 5,5 Tahun Studi mengenai polusi udara tingkat berat dari hasil pembakaran batu bara di wilayah Tiongkok bagian Utara ternyata dapat memperpendek usia manusia.
Tim Peneliti dari China, Israel, dan Amerika Serikat, memperkirakan bahwa setengah miliar manusia yang hidup di China Utara waktu hidupnya berkurang selama 5,5 tahun akibat menghirup udara kotor.
Kondisi itu berbeda dengan masyarakat yang hidup di China Selatan.
Para peneliti menemukan perbedaan polusi udara yang sangat signifikan di wilayah selatan dan utara Tiongkok. Itu terjadi karena selama beberapa dekade ini wilayah utara Tiongkok memang menjadi tempat pembakaran batu bara, sesuai dengan kebijakan pemerintah.
Menurut Michael Greenstone, seorang profesor ekonomi lingkungan di Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AS, beberapa studi sebelumnya memang telah menemukan bahwa polusi udara dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan manusia.
"Tapi perlu penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai apakah polusi udara dapat mempengaruhi waktu hidup seseorang," kata Greenstone, dilansir NBC News, Senin (24/7).
Tiongkok bagian utara memang memiliki suhu yang dingin, sehingga pemerintah mengizinkan masyarakatnya membakar batu bara untuk menghangat suhu udara. Kegiatan itu terjadi pada periode 1950 sampai 1980, dan dihentikan pada tahun 1980.
Meskipun kegiatan pembakaran batu bara sudah terhenti, tapi telah meninggalkan warisan polusi udara yang sangat tinggi dan membahayakan manusia.
Tim peneliti telah mengumpulkan data dari 90 kota yang ada di Tiongkok utara dari tahun 1981 sampai 2000. Hasilnya ditemukan konsentrasi partikulat (polusi udara) sebanyak 184 mikrogram per meter kubik, atau 55 persen lebih tinggi dari pada di Tiongkok bagian selatan.
Yang lebih mencengangkan adalah umur manusia yang hidup di China bagian utara lebih rendah 5,5 tahun dibandingkan dengan manusia yang hidup di wilayah selatan Tiongkok.