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Al Muradi, Ilmuwan Muslim Penemu Jam Mekanik Abad 11 Masehi Photo byShoaib SR onUnsplash
Uzone.id - Waktu merupakan hal yang berharga. Tidak heran jika Islam juga mengajarkan umatnya untuk bisa menghargai waktu. Seperti firman Allah yang tercantum dalam surat Al-Ashr ayat 1-3. Makanya, salah satu ilmuwan Islam pun diberi kelebihan untuk bisa membuat alat penunjuk waktu.
"Demi masa. Sesungguhnya manusia itu benar-benar berada dalam kerugian, kecuali orang-orang yang beriman dan mengerjakan amal soleh dan saling menasihati supaya menaati kebenaran dan saling menasihati supaya menetapi kesabaran," demikian bunyi surat tersebut dalam Al-Quran.
Photo byFrank Park onUnsplash
Banyak orang di dunia yang mengenai Peter Henlein dari Jerman sebagai penemu jam mekanik. Berdasarkan pengetahuan barat, teknologi jam mekanik ditemukan di Eropa sejak 1300 Masehi. Yang menjadi dasar dari klaim penemuan ini adalah ditemukannya bangunan lonceng raksasa yang berdentang setiap jam di Kota Milan tahun 1335 Masehi dan Kota London tahun 1386 Masehi.
Dalam sejarah Islam, ada nama Al Muradi yang terlacak sebagai penemu jam mekanik sekitar abad 11 Masehi. Al Muradi merupakan seorang ilmuwan muslim Andalusia yang memiliki nama lengkap Ibnu Khalaf al-Muradi. Ia juga merupakan insinyur muslim yang pertama kali memberikan deskripsi tentang jam air.
Hasil karyanya itu sempat ditulis dalam buku bertajuk 'The Brightest Stars for the Construction of Mechanical Clocks'. Namun Al-Muradi juga menuliskan ide-ide cemerlangnya dalam buku berjudul Kitab Rahasia dalam Hasil Pemikiran atau Buku Rahasia dalam Hasil Gagasan.
Pada buku Technology in world Civilization : A Thousand-Year History (1991) karya Arnold Pacey, bahwasanya karya atau kontribusi Al-Muradi menghadirkan desain untuk lebih dari 30 perangkat mekanik diantaranya adalah perangkat jam air,kalender,kereta roda gigi bahkan mesin perang.
Dalam buku Sejarah Islam yang Terlupakan terbitan Camel Books, tak hanya Al-Muradi yang dikenal sebagai ilmuwan yang berjasa dalam penemuan jam mekanik. Teknologi ini juga dikembangkan oleh Taqiyyudin. Dia menjelaskan konstruksi jam yang dikendalikan oleh pemberat dengan menggunakan mekanisme gerak verge an follot, suatu rangkaian gir yang berdetak, alarm mekanik, dan pemodelan fase-fase bulan.
Dia juga menjabarkan tentang pembuatan jam yang dijalankan pegas dengan penggeraknya berupa silinderkonis.