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Alkohol Jadi Salah Satu Penyebab Kematian Terbesar di Dunia Sebuah riset baru yang dipublikasikan di jurnal The Lancet pada Agustus 2018 menyebutkan, alkohol telah mempengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat. Ia bahkan dikatakan jadi penyebab penyakit dan kematian terbesar di dunia.
Studi yang melibatkan 195 negara ini diinisiasi oleh Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation di University of Washington dan masuk program Global Burden of Disease. Tujuan riset yang dimulai dari 1990 hingga 2016 ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara konsumsi alkohol dan kesehatan yang diakibatkannya.
Hasil penelitian mengatakan, satu dari 10 kematian yang terjadi pada orang berusia 15 hingga 49 tahun berhubungan dengan konsumsi alkohol. Kemudian, orang berusia 15 hingga 95 tahun yang minum satu gelas alkohol dalam sehari bisa meningkatkan risiko terkena satu dari 23 penyakit terkait alkohol sebanyak 0,5 persen.
Contoh penyakit yang berhubungan dengan alkohol adalah penyakit kardiovaskular, termasuk penyakit jantung dan stroke, kanker, masalah ginjal, diabetes, TBC, keracunan alkohol, dan sebagainya.
Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa satu dari tiga orang di dunia minum alkohol atau setara dengan 2,4 miliar orang. Dari jumlah tersebut, 900 juta di antara adalah perempuan dan 1,5 miliar lainnya adalah laki-laki.
Denmark jadi negara dengan angka peminum tertinggi. Sementara angka peminum terendah bagi laki-laki ada di Pakistan dan perempuan ada di Bangladesh.
Alkohol, pada tahun 2016, juga menyebabkan 2,2 persen kematian pada perempuan dan 6,8 persen kematian pada laki-laki. Penyebab kematian yang disebabkan oleh alkohol yang terbesar adalah TBC (1,4 persen kematian), kecelakaan di jalan (1,2 persen), dan tindakan menyakiti diri sendiri (1,1 persen).
Riset ini membantah beberapa studi terdahulu yang menyebutkan alkohol memiliki manfaat. Contoh, penelitian dari University of Exeter mengatakan alkohol dapat membantu meningkatkan ingatan.