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Bahaya Sinar Ultraviolet yang Mengintai Kesehatan Mata pada 6 tahun lalu - byTim Terletak diwilayah tropis membuat Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang paling banyak terpaparsinar matahari . Tak heran jika melindungi tubuh dari bahaya paparan matahari adalah penting. Paparan sinar matahari tak cuma berdampak buruk pada kulit, tapi jugamata . Astrianda N Suryono, dokter spesialis mata dari RS Ciptomangunkusumo, mengatakan bahwa 80 persen informasi dari luar masuk melalui indera penglihatan sehingga kesehatan mata penting untuk dijaga. Radiasi sinar ultraviolet memiliki panjang gelombang 100-400 nanometer. Sinar ultraviolet memiliki energi besar, tak terlihat, dan dapat menimbulkan kerusakan.
"Pada mata, absorbsi sinar ultraviolet terkonsentrasi paling besar di area kornea dan lensa," kata Astrianda saat peluncuran produk Zeiss bersama Optik Tunggal di Morrisey Hotel, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat, Rabu (19/9). Hal itu membuat paparan sinar ultraviolet bakal menimbulkan beberapa gangguan penglihatan seperti berikut.1. Pterigium dan pinguekula Area konjungtiva atau lapisan tipis pelindung bagian putih pada mata bisa terkena imbas efek buruk sinar ultraviolet. Gangguan yang bisa muncul ialah pterigium dan pinguekula. Pterigium merupakan pertumbuhan jaringan fibrovaskuler di area konjungtiva. Pertumbuhan jaringan bisa semakin tebal dan membuat penglihatan terganggu. Gangguan ini biasa timbul pada orang yang sering beraktivitas di luar ruangan serta para peselancar sehingga gangguan mata ini juga dikenal dengan sebutan 'surfer's eye '. Meski hampir serupa, namun pinguekula berbeda dengan pterigium. Pinguekula merupakan bintik atau benjolan kekuningan di area konjungtiva. Biasanya, pinguekula muncul akibat paparan sinar matahari, debu, atau angin.
2. Photokeratitis dan keratopati Ada dua gangguan akibat paparan sinar ultraviolet pada area kornea mata. Kedua gangguan itu di antaranya photokeratitis dan keratopati. Photokeratitis merupakan peradangan pada jaringan kornea. Kondisi ini mengganggu penglihatan lantaran adanya kekeruhan pada kornea. "Kalau terpapar sinar ultraviolet sangat hebat, kornea tidak akan bening dan jernih lagi karena peradangan," ujar wanita yang akrab disapa Tria ini. Selain photokeratitis, gangguan lain akibat paparan sinar ultraviolet adalah keratopati, kondisi adanya bengkak pada kornea mata.3. Katarak kortikalis Katarak merupakan kondisi umum dan natural yang dialami oleh orang berusia 60 tahun ke atas. Namun, bukan berarti katarak tak mungkin terjadi pada mereka yang berusia di bawah 60 tahun. Tria mengatakan, katarak bisa terjadi pada mereka yang belum menginjak usia 60 tahun jika terlalu banyak terkena paparan sinar ultraviolet. "Pada katarak kortikalis, lensa mata yang bening bisa menjadi keruh," kata Tria. Keruhnya lensa berpengaruh terhadap masuknya cahaya pada mata. Katarak kortikalis dapat membuat penderitanya melihat benda seolah berbayang pada satu mata.4. Degenerasi makular Seperti halnya lensa mata, bagian retina juga dapat mengalami degenerasi karena faktor usia. Pada retina, kondisi ini disebut degenerasi makular. Degenerasi makular merupakan gangguan penglihatan yang tidak dapat diperbaiki. Penderitanya bisa kehilangan penglihatan akibat kerusakan macula atau bagian tengah retina.
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