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Bolehkah Penderita Maag Berpuasa? Dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam dari Departemen Ilmu Panyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Ari Fahrial Syam mengatakan hikmah dari puasa Ramadan yaitu 'berpuasalah agar kamu sehat'.
"Jadi jelas jawabannya bagi orang yang sakit maag apalagi yang tidak mempunyai sakit maag diwajibkan berpuasa agar menjadi sehat," kata Ari dalam keterangan tertulis, Kamis, 31 Mei 2017. Namun, pertanyaan berikutnya apakah ini berlaku bagi semua yang sakit maag? "Tentu kalau seseorang sedang mengalami sakit maag yang akut, sedang mual dan muntah, bahkan muntah darah atau buang air besar hitam mereka jelas tidak boleh berpuasa," ujar Ketua Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam Indonesia (PAPDI) Jaya ini. Ari menjelaskan, secara umum sakit maag dengan istilah medis yang sering digunakan Dispepsia dibagi menjadi dua kelompok besar, yaitu sakit maag fungsional dan sakit maag organik.
"Kepastian pembagian ini tentu selelah dilakukan peneropongan dengan alat yang disebut endoskopi," kata Ari yang juga menjadi Ketua Umum PB Perhimpunan Gastrointestinal Indonesia (PEGI). Dispepsia fungsional terjadi apabila pada pemeriksaan lebih lanjut dengan endoskopi (teropong saluran pencernaan atas) tidak didapatkan kelainan secara anatomi. Adapun dispepsia organik adalah secara pemeriksaan lebih lanjut dengan endoskopi didapatkan kelainan secara anatomi. "Misalnya luka dalam atau luka lecet pada kerongkongan, lambung atau usus dua belas jari, polip pada kerongkongan, lambung atau usus dua belas jari serta kanker pada organ pencernaan tersebut," kata dia. Menurut Ari, pada saat berpuasa, terutama setelah 6-8 jam perut kosong akan terjadi peningkatan asam lambung yang dapat menyebabkan gejala sakit maag. "Keadaan ini biasanya berlangsung hanya pada satu pekan puasa pertama dan gejala ini Insya Allah tidak dirasakan lagi pada minggu-minggu berikutnya," ujarnya. Pada orang yang sehat, Ari melanjutkan, keadaan ini dapat diatasi dengan pilihan makan yang tepat saat berbuka dan sahur, dan kegiatan yang tidak menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan udara di dalam lambung, serta peningkatan asam lambung.
Adapun pada orang yang memang terdapat kelainan organik, puasa akan memperberat kondisi sakit lambungnya jika tidak diobati dengan tepat. Namun, jika sakit lambungnya diobati, mereka yang mempunyai sakit lambung tadi dapat melakukan ibadah puasa seperti orang normal umumnya. "Karena itu, saya sampaikan bagi para penderita sakit maag agar pergi ke dokter untuk mengevaluasi apakah sakit maag yang diderita, termasuk yang mempunyai kelainan organik atau fungsional," kata Ari.
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