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Mengonsumsi kopi sudah menjadi sebuah budaya, entah untuk mencegah rasa kantuk atau untuk membantu metabolisme tubuh membakar lemak. Tahukah Anda bahwa mengonsumsi kopi sangat baik untuk mencegah kepikunan (dementia) yang sudah mengarah ke penyakit Alzheimer? Menurut penelitian, minum 3 – 5 cangkir kopi per hari dapat mengurangi risiko terkena penyakit alzheimer hingga 20%.
Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan penyakit kepikunan yang sudah parah. Tak hanya menyebabkan kepikunan, Alzheimer juga dapat menyebabkan kematian sel-sel otak sehingga tak bisa lagi berfungsi dengan baik. Bahkan, secara perlahan, Alzheimer akan membuat seseorang mengalami kemunduran fungsi kognitif dan emosional.
Umumnya, penyakit kepikunan Alzheimer diakibatkan karena proses penuaan. Seiring proses penuaan, terjadilah akumulasi protein amyloid-beta yang terbentuk di otak sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan sel-sel saraf. Selain faktor penuaan, penyakit ini juga dapat dipicu oleh faktor genetik, gangguan fungsi kekebalan tubuh, infeksi virus, diet tinggi lemak, dan lain-lain.
Kopi kaya akan senyawa antioksidan yang disebut polifenol yang baik untuk melindungi sel-sel saraf dari kerusakan dan mencegah penumpukan protein amyloid-beta. Kafein dan polifenol juga berkerjasama mengurangi peradangan sel-sel otak dan jaringan sekitar otak. Selain berguna untuk menghambat penyakit kepikunan, kandungan kafein pada kopi juga dapat membantu proses pengembalian ingatan, seiring dengan terapi yang dilakukan oleh penderita.
Komposisi kafein yang ada pada kopi menjadi komposisi yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan sumber kafein lainnya. Kafein yang terdapat pada secangkir kopi (takaran 150 ml), adalah 80-100 mg kafein. Itu lebih tinggi daripada teh yang hanya sekitar 40 - 50 mg/150 ml, 9 - 19 mg/100 ml pada minuman kola, dan 5 - 20 mg/100 gram pada permen coklat. Badan pemeriksa obat dan makanan Amerika, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), mengkategorikan senyawa ini ke dalam kategori aman dikonsumsi - dalam jumlah yang tidak berlebihan - dan memiliki efek stimulasi sistem saraf pusat jangka pendek yang sangat bermanfaat bagi pencegahan penyakit Alzheimer.
Narasumber : dr. Julia Dewi Nerfina, M.Gizi, Sp.GK, Dokter Spesialis Gizi Klinik di RSUD Cianjur, Jawa Barat.