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Demensia, Mimpi Buruk di Masa Senja Tak ada hiruk pikuk berarti di Kelurahan Sawangan Baru, Kecamatan Sawangan, Depok. Segalanya berjalan biasa saja, kecuali di kediaman Prihadijono. Dari luarrumah berpulas kuning terang itu, terdengar suara kayu yang diketuk. Sesekali, seorang wanita terdengar berbicara sepatah dua patah kata. Dia seperti menggumam. Memasuki ruang rumah, wanitalanjut usia itu terbaring di sebuah ranjang. Area yang awalnya berfungsi sebagai ruang tamu itu disulap menjadi kamar bagi Atty Ganriyawati, istri Prihadijono, yang menerima kedatanganCNNIndonesia.com , Kamis (20/9) lalu. Sejak 2017, Atty hanya bisa berbaring.Demensia yang mulai menyerangnya sejak 2003 silam membuat segala aktivitas dilakukannya sembari berbaring di kasur, mulai dari makan, mandi, hingga buang air. "Ini siapa?" tanya Prihadijono sembari menepuk kaki sang istri. "Atty," jawab Atyy. "Kalau ini siapa?" tanya Prihadijono lagi sembari menunjuk diri sendiri. "Enggak tahu," jawab Atty. Bagi sebagian orang, jawaban serupa ini bikin ketar-ketir. Namun, Prihadijono hanya menanggapinya dengan senyum seraya tetap meladeni celoteh Atty dengan lembut. Tak ada kemarahan di wajah Prihadijono. Dia mafhum, sebab sang istri telah didiagnosis demensia sejak 2003 silam.
Demensia adalah sekumpulan gejala berupa penurunan fungsi kognitif pada seseorang, seperti menurunnya daya ingat dan orientasi. Lumrahnya, demensia menyerang kaum lansia. Gejala ini menyebabkan gangguan perilaku dan kepribadian. Perubahan ini terjadi akibat adanya kerusakan pada sel otak yang memengaruhi mental dan perilaku ODD. Penyakit demensia memiliki beberapa turunan. Alzheimer adalah tipe demensia yang paling sering ditemui. Selain alzheimer, ada juga demensia vaskular, demensia lewy body, demensia fronto temporal, demensia parkinson, demensia huntington, dan demensia trauma kepala. Tak cuma menyebabkan hilangnya kemampuan mengingat, demensia juga membuat pengidapnya kesulitan menjalani aktivitas hariannya. Tak tanggung-tanggung, bahkan demensia bisa menyebabkan 'kelumpuhan' karier seseorang. Tengok saja kisah penulis asal Kolumbia,Gabriel Garcia Marquez . Karier kepenulisannya harus berhenti gara-gara demensia yang menyerangnya.
Foto: CNN Indonesia/Elise Dwi Ratnasari
Prihadijono bersama sang istri, Atty Ganriyawati, yang berjuang melawan demensia.
Demensia yang menyerang penulis novelSeratus Tahun Kesunyian ini muncul akibat kanker limfatik yang dideritanya. Proses pengobatan kanker pelan-pelan mengganggukesehatan mentalnya . "Dia bermasalah dengan ingatannya. Terkadang saya menangis karena saya merasa kehilangannya," ujar sang adik, Jaime Garcia Marquez, mengutipThe Telegraph . Berbagai faktor melatarbelakangi munculnya gejala demensia. Sebut saja gaya hidup tak sehat di zaman kiwari yang dapat mempercepat penurunan fungsi otak sebagai kunci utama demensia. "Demensia sering terjadi pada lansia atau orang dengan pola hidup tidak sehat seperti merokok, obesitas, kurang olahraga, stres, depresi, minum alkohol, dan kurang tidur," ujar ahli neurologi, dr Yuda Turana. Di Indonesia, angka ODD diperkirakan mencapai 1,2 juta. Angka itu diprediksi meningkat hingga 2 juta pada 2020 dan 4 juta pada 2050. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyebut bahwa demensia merupakan penyebab kematian ketujuh di dunia. Diperkirakan ada sekitar 47 juta ODD di dunia, yang diprediksi bertambah menjadi 75 juta pada 2030 dan bertambah tiga kali lipat pada 2050.
Statistik ini memperlihatkan bahwa eksistensi ODD tak lagi main-main. Jumlahnya terus bertambah seiring berjalannya waktu. Dalam memeringati Hari Alzheimer Sedunia yang jatuh pada 21 September kemarin,CNNIndonesia.com menghadirkan beberapa kisah kehidupan ODD beserta para pelaku rawatnya. Hal ini seyogianya menjadi momentum bagi kita untuk mengingat pentingnya melawan belenggu demensia.
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