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Gara-gara Rupiah, Harga Makanan-Minuman Bisa Naik 5 Persen Gabungan Pengusaha Makanan dan Minuman Indonesia (GAPMMI) memperkirakan pengusahamakanan dan minuman akan menaikkan harga jual produk sekitar 3-5 persen bila nilai tukar rupiah kian terpuruk dalam beberapa waktu ke depan. Ketua Umum GAPMMI Adhi S. Lukman mengatakan proyeksi kenaikan harga ini merujuk pada penurunan margin keuntungan yang terpaksa ditanggung pengusaha sejak rupiah melemah hingga melewati level Rp14.900 per dolar Amerika Serikat (AS) saat ini, dari kisaran Rp13.400 per dolar AS awal tahun ini. "Ini merupakan jalan terakhir kalau pelemahan rupiah tak bisa juga dibendung, karena sebenarnya pengusaha mengantisipasi rupiah hanya sampai kisaran Rp14.500 per dolar AS, ternyata sekarang sudah lewat," ujar Adhi kepadaCNNIndonesia.com , Selasa (4/9).
Kendati begitu, Adhi belum bisa memberi estimasi terkait waktu kenaikan harga produk benar-benar dirasakan konsumen. Sebab, para pengusaha mamin masih terus berusaha mempertahankan harga jual, meski margin terus tergerus. Maklum saja, industri mamin merupakan salah satu sektor produksi yang banyak menggunakan bahan baku impor. Sedangkan pelemahan rupiah saat ini otomatis membuat biaya penyediaan bahan baku mereka meroket, sehingga selisih biaya produksi dengan keuntungan yang didapat kian menipis. "Karena sebenarnya para anggota kami dari yang besar sampai yang kecil masih lebih banyak khawatirnya daripada percaya diri untuk menaikkan harga. Mereka dilema, takut penjualan justru akan turun dan memperburuk situasi," jelasnya. Untuk itu, sambung Adhi, pengusaha ingin pemerintah memberi kebijakan konkrit yang bisa membantu dunia usaha agar masih bisa menahan kenaikan harga produk. Pasalnya, ketika pengusaha egois menaikkan harga, bukan tidak mungkin pemerintah juga yang akan terciprat dampaknya karena berpotensi menimbulkan inflasi. "Kami harapkan ada kebijakan dari pemerintah yang kondusif untuk membantu kami mengurangi biaya-biaya yang bisa dihemat," imbuhnya.
Ia mengusulkan setidaknya ada empat kebijakan yang bisa diambil pemerintah untuk menolong industri mamin.Pertama , mensinkronkan regulasi di tingkat hulu ke hilir. Sebab, tak sedikit regulasi berbelit membuat pengusaha harus mengeluarkan biaya berlebih demi melancarkan masalah produksi.Kedua , mensinkronkan pula kebijakan di tingkat pusat dan daerah.Ketiga , memberikan insentif bunga rendah bagi pembiayaan kegiatan ekspor industri mamin. Ia bilang, insentif bunga ini bisa dibuat seperti program Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR). "Kalau sekarang kami pakai fasilitas pembiayaan dengan bunga komersil, padahal untuk stok bahan baku. Jadi mungkin bisa dibuat seperti KUR, tapi untuk industri berorientasi ekspor," terang dia.
Keempat , mempermudah akses pasar ekspor ke negara-negara mitra dagang, baik yang baru maupun yang sudah lama. Tujuannya, agar biaya masuk ekspor dari Indonesia ke negara-negara tertentu bisa lebih murah, sehingga mengurangi biaya produksi industri dan bisa dikompensasikan untuk menutup penurunan margin atas produk yang dijual di dalam negeri. "Misalnya ke Afrika itu biaya masuknya masih di atas 30 persen. Kami harapkan ini bisa dikurangi. Tak ketinggalan, akses pasar bilateral dan multilateral harus dijamin juga," pungkasnya.
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