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Gunung es raksasa lepas dari Antartika Satu gunung es terbesar dalam sejarah lepas dari Antartika menurut para ilmuwan pada Rabu, menimbulkan ancaman bahaya ekstra bagi kapal-kapal di sekitar benua itu saat runtuh. Gunung es satu triliun ton yang luasnya menurut pengukuran 5.800 kilometer persegi itu terpisah dari Rak Es Larsen C di Antartika antara 10 dan 12 Juli menurut para ilmuwan di University of Swansea dan British Antarctic Survey. Gunung es yang kira-kira seukuran Negara Bagian Delaware di Amerika Serikat atau Pulau Bali di Indonesia itu sudah hampir pecah dalam beberapa bulan. Sepanjang musim dingin di Antartika, para ilmuwan memantau perkembangan keretakan pada rak es itu menggunakan satelit badan antariksa Eropa (European Space Agency /ESA). "Gunung es itu merupakan salah satu yang terbesar yang pernah tercatat dan progres masa depannya sulit diprediksi," kata Adrian Luckman, profesor di Swansea University dan peneliti utama dalam Project MIDAS yang sudah memantau rak es itu selama bertahun-tahun. "Itu bisa tetap utuh tapi tampaknya akan pecah menjadi fragmen-fragmen. Sebagian es mungkin bisa tetap berada di area itu selama puluhan tahun, sementara bagian-bagian dari gunung es mungkin lepas ke perairan yang lebih hangat di utara," ia menambahkan. Es itu akan menambah risiko bagi kapal-kapal setelah pecah karena meski semenanjung itu berada di luar rute perdagangan utama, namun merupakan tujuan utama bagi kapal-kapal yang berlayar dari Amerika Selatan. Pada 2009, lebih dari 150 penumpang dan awak dievakuasi setelah MTV Explorer tenggelam usai menabrak gunung es Semenanjung Antartika. Gunung es yang dinamai A68 sudah mengapung sebelum pecah jadi tidak akan ada dampak segera ke permukaan air laut, namun pecahnya gunung es itu membuat area rak es Larsen C berkurang lebih dari 12 persen. Rak es Larsen A dan B, yang berada jauh di bagian utara Semenanjung Antarika, runtuh pada 1995 dan 2002 berturut-turut. "Ini menyebabkan peningkatan dramatis glasier di belakang mereka, dengan volume es lebih besar masuk ke samudra dan berkontribusi pada peningkatan muka air laut," kata David Vaughan, ahli glasiologi dan direktur ilmiah di British Antarctic Survey. "Kalau Larsen C sekarang mulai mengalami kemunduran secara signifikan dan pada akhirnya runtuh, maka kita akan melihat kontribusi lain pada peningkatan muka laut," ia menambahkan. Gunung-gunung es besar lepas dari Antartika secala alami, para ilmuwan tidak mengaitkannya dengan perubahan iklim. Namun es itu merupakan bagian dari semenanjung Antarika yang menghangat cepat dalam dekade terakhir. "Dalam bulan-bulan dan tahun berikutnya, rak es bisa secara gradual tumbuh kembali atau lebih lanjut mengalami peristiwa pemecahan yang pada akhirnya membuatnya runtuh– pendapat-pendapat di komunitas ilmiah dalam hal ini terbagi," kata Luckman. "Model kami menunjukkan itu akan menjadi kurang stabik, namun keruntuhan masa depan masih bertahun-tahun atau puluhan tahun kemudian," katanya sebagaimana dikutip kantor berita Reuters.
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