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Ilmuwan Bisa Naikkan 40 Persen Hasil Tanaman Pakai Genetik pada 6 tahun lalu - byAFP Para peneliti University of Illinois melakukan penelitian untuk memodifikasi tanaman secaragenetik . Modifikasi ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman lebih banyak. Dilansir dariAFP, setelah melakukan penelitian bertahun-tahun, para peneliti ini telah mengonfirmasi keberhasilan mereka dengan membuat pabrik tembakau 40 persen lebih besar. Keberhasilan peningkatan 40 persen ini berasal dari 'peretasan genetik'. Menurut para ilmuwan, lebih luas dari tujuan ini bukan untuk menghasilkan lebih banyak tembakau. Namun, untuk gandum atau kacang kedelai. Penelitian ini bagian dari proyek internasional yang dibiayai oleh yayasan Bill dan Melinda Gates dan pemerintah Inggris.
Para petani telah lama menggunakan pupuk, pestisida, dan metode pertanian lainnya untuk mencapai produktivitas yang lebih tinggi, tetapi teknik-teknik ini tampaknya telah berjalan dengan baik dan diperkirakan tidak mungkin mereka dapat memperoleh keuntungan yang lebih signifikan. Para ilmuwan di Institut Genomik Biologi Universitas Carl R. Woese mengatakan mereka telah menemukan cara untuk membuat proses fotosintesis, proses di mana tanaman menggunakan sinar matahari untuk mengubah karbon dioksida dan air menjadi energi, yang pada dasarnya lebih efisien. Enzim yang disebut Rubisco adalah kunci untuk proses mengubah karbon atmosfer menjadi senyawa organik yang dikonsumsi pabrik. Proses ini dikenal sebagai "fiksasi karbon". Tim Illinois datang dengan ide menanamkan potongan-potongan DNA alga ke dalam sel-sel tanaman tembakau untuk menciptakan jenis 'jalan pintas' biologis yang akan mempercepat fotorespirasi. Studi ini sangat penting karena ini adalah pertama kalinya teknik tersebut, yang telah dibahas selama beberapa tahun, menghasilkan dampak besar di lapangan terbuka dibandingkan dengan lingkungan laboratorium.
Teknik lain telah mencoba membatasi fotorespirasi, tetapi sering menyebabkan dampak negatif pada fungsi pabrik lainnya. Namun, penelitian ini masih jauh dari siap untuk digunakan pada skala industri. Tim yang sama ingin mereproduksi kacang kedelai, kacang polong, dan kentang. Teknik ini juga diperlukan untuk bekerja di berbagai iklim, terutama Afrika dan Asia Tenggara.
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