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Ilmuwan Princeton Temukan Cacing dari "Neraka", Seperti Apa Bentuknya? Ahli biologi Princeton University menyebutnya sebagai cacing dari “neraka”. Spesies nematoda yang penemuannya diumumkan pada 2011 ini merupakan makhluk hidup aneh yang hidup di kedalaman 1,3 kilometer di bawah permukaan tanah.
Di kedalalaman ini, temperatur tanah bisa mencapai titik didih air yaitu 100 derajat celcius. Spesies cacing baru ini diberi latinHalicephalobus mephisto . Nama ilmiah ini diambil dari iblis Mephistopheles yang disebut dalam cerita rakyat Jerman, Faust.
“Karena itu kami menyebutnya spesies ini sebagai 'Cacing dari Neraka',” kata peneliti biologi Princeton University, Tullis Onstott.
Sumber Foto: Gaetan Borgonie, University Ghent, Belgium -
Cacing yang hidup di alam yang sangat panas itu ditemukan di pertambangan emas ultra-dalam Beatrix, Afrika Selatan. Di pertambangan emas ini, tanah digali hingga kedalaman 3 kilometer.
Sebenarnya tidak sekali ini saja ilmuwan menemukan makhluk asing di kedalaman tambang Beatrix. Sebelumnya, ilmuwan juga menemukan organisme sel tunggal di kedalaman 1,6 kilometer. Pada kedalaman ini, suhu tanah mencapai 60-110 derajat celcius. Namun, "Cacing dari Neraka" merupakan organisme bersel jamak pertama yang ditemukan di kedalaman ekstrem.
"Cacing dari Neraka" ini ditemukan Onstott ketika ia bersama tim hendak sampel air menggunakan mata bor di kedalaman 3,6 kilometer. Mereka juga mengambil sampel tanah dari sekeliling mata bor dan menyaring 40.000 galon air permukaan guna memastikan cacing bukan berasal dari atas tanah.
Halicephalobus mephisto bisa dicirikan dari cara berkembang biak yang dilakukan secara aseksual. Spesies ini hidup di sela patahan bebatuan dalam sekitar 2.900 tahun lalu. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi, cacing ini memakan bakteri yang hidup di sela-sela batuan tersebut. Penemuan Onstott diterbitkan di jurnal ilmiah prestisius “Nature”.