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Ilmuwan Temukan Organ Baru di Kulit Sejumlah ilmuwan telah menemukan organ baru di kulit yang merasakan sakit. Dengan penemuan ini menjadi pembuka jalan bagi pengobatan penghilang rasa sakit yang lebih efektif.
"Studi kami menunjukkan sensitivitas terhadap rasa sakit tidak hanya terjadi pada serabut saraf kulit, namun, juga pada organ yang sensitif terhadap rasa sakit yang baru-baru ini ditemukan," kata penulis penelitian senior Patrik Ernfors, dikutip dariIndependent , Sabtu (17/8)
Sel-sel penginderaan rasa sakit ini membentuk jaringan seperti jaring yang sangat luas, sehingga harus dianggap sebagai organ. Sebelumnya ujung sel saraf tidak terbuka, namun, penelitian terbaru ini menunjukkan tidak demikian halnya.
"Penemuan ini mengubah pemahaman kita tentang mekanisme seluler sensasi fisik dan mungkin penting dalam memahami nyeri kronis," ujar ahli dari Karolinska Institute di Swedia.
Studi yang dirilis diScience memperlihatkan organ sensorik yang baru memiliki sel Schwann dengan beberapa tonjolan panjang yang membungkus diri di sekitar sel-sel saraf dan membantu menjaga tetap hidup. Sel-sel ini berada di bawah lapisan luar kulit (epidermis) dan tonjolan seperti tentakel yang panjang meluas ke lapisan luar.
Kondisi ini tidak hanya membungkus ujung saraf. Namun, seperti sel-sel saraf, mereka juga memproses rasa sakit dan sangat sensitif terhadap rangsangan.
Dalam sebuah percobaan, peneliti memodifikasi tikus secara genetis, sehingga sel Schwann mereka terstimulasi oleh cahaya. Ketika cahaya bersinar pada kaki, mereka menjilat dan berguncang, yang menunjukkan sel-sel ini telah menyebabkan rasa sakit.
Merasa sakit diperlukan untuk bertahan hidup dan melindungi tubuh dari kerusakan dengan mempromosikan reaksi refleks, seperti menarik diri jika menyentuh sesuatu yang panas. Para ilmuwan mengatakan masih banyak penelitian yang harus dilakukan pada organ ini.
“Kami belum mempelajari manusia. Namun, mengingat bahwa semua organ sensorik yang diketahui sebelumnya yang ditemukan pada tikus juga ada pada manusia, maka sangat mungkin ada juga di kulit manusia,” kata Dr Ernfors
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