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Imunoterapi, Metode Terkini Atasi Kanker Paru Data Globocan 2012 menemukan fakta bahwa kanker paru menempati posisi lima besar penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia. Tren ini diprediksi terus meningkat seiring dengan tingginya jumlah perokok di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Pengobatan kanker paru yang umum selama ini berupa operasi, kemoterapi, radioterapi hingga terapi target. Nah kini ada metode baru penanganan kanker paru yang lebih efektif yakni imunoterapi. Menurut dr. Sita Laksmi PhD, SpP(K) spesialis kanker paru, imunoterapi melibatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh untuk melawan sel kanker. Di Indonesia terapi ini mulai diterapkan di berbagai rumah sakit sejak Juni 2017 ini. "Jadi, imunoterapi ini mencegah interaksi antara sel T milik sistem imun dan tumor. Karena ketika ada interaksi, protein di tumor yang disebut PDL-1 melumpuhkan sel T sehingga sel imun tidak dapat membunuh sel kanker. Nah, imunoterapi ini memblok interaksi sehingga sel T bisa mendeteksi dan membasmi sel kanker," ujarnya pada temu media di Jakarta, Jumat (16/6/2017). Di beberapa negara maju, Sita menambahkan, imunoterapi bisa diterapkan untuk berbagai jenis kanker seperti kanker kulit, kanker payudara, hingga kanker leher kepala. Namun di Indonesia, Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) baru memberi persetujuan obat anti-PD1, Pembrolizumab untuk pengobatan kanker paru lini kedua. "Sebelumnya imunoterapi hanya bisa diakses oleh pasien kanker paru dengan akses khusus melalui Kemenkes, tapi sejak Juni ini sudah bisa dilakukan karena ijin BPOM sudah keluar. Namun imunoterapi ini baru diijinkan untuk pengobatan lini kedua, artinya setelah dibedah atau dikemo baru bisa diberikan imunoterapi," tambah dia. Sita menekankan imunoterapi hanya efektif jika ditemukan ekspresi sel kanker yang meradang atau adanya protein tumor Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1). Untuk itu salah satu prasyarat untuk menjalani terapi ini pasien harus melakukan pemeriksaan ekspresi PDL-1. "Jadi, harus ada ekspresi sel kanker meradang, karena kalau dia udah meradang tentu efek yang diberikan akan lebih baik jika diberi imunoterapi. Tapi kalau tidak ada ekspresi maka tidak akan efektif. Sehingga saat dibiopsi sebaiknya juga melakukan pemeriksaan PDL-1," lanjut dia. Sayangnya, Medical Affair Director MSD Indonesia, dr Phoebe Jessica Kesuma, belum bisa memberikan rincian biaya yang harus dikeluarkan pasien untuk mendapatkan tindakan imunoterapi. "Harganya tergantung rumah sakit, tapi kita comparable dengan harga di Singapura maupun Malaysia," pungkas dia.
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