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Ini Dia Penyakit Penyebab Kematian Utama Ketiga di Dunia Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang mengancam jiwa. Diperkirakan sekitar 251 juta orang di seluruh dunia mengidap penyakit tersebut. Di Indonesia sendiri, data Riskesdas 2013 menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi PPOK mencapai 3,7 persen atau sekitar 9,2 juta pasien.
Disampaikan DR. Dr. Susanthy Djalaksana, Sp.P(K) dari Universitas Brawijaya, PPOK merupakan penyakit progresif yang mengancam jiwa. Bahkan PPOK diperkirakan akan menjadi penyebab utama ketiga kematian di dunia pada tahun 2020.
"Sayangnya kesadaran dan stigma masyarakat terhadap penyakit ini masih sangat terbatas, begitu terdiagnosis, mereka tidak tahu cara mengatasi dan bagaimana perawatannya lebih lanjut," ujar dr. Susanthy.
Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap PPOK merupakan masalah utama dalam menekan penyakit pernapasan ini. Tahap awal PPOK sering kali tidak dikenali karena banyak penderita menganggap gejala seperti sesak napas, batuk kronis, dan adanya dahak sebagai kondisi normal yang terjadi seiring bertambahnya usia atau akibat umum dari merokok.
Ia menambahkan, PPOK paling sering terjadi pada usia lebih dari 40 tahun. Namun, berbagai faktor dapat berpengaruh pada perkembangan penyakit ini, bahkan sejak masih dalam kandungan, yaitu gangguan tumbuh kembang organ pernapasan. Infeksi saluran napas berulang pada masa awal kehidupan juga berkontribusi pada perkembangan PPOK.
"Di seluruh dunia, faktor risiko yang paling sering ditemui untuk PPOK adalah asap rokok dengan berbagai variasi jenis dan komposisinya. Faktor risiko penting lainnya termasuk debu dan bahan kimia di tempat kerja dan asap dari bahan bakar untuk memasak pada tempat tinggal dengan ventilasi yang buruk, terutama di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia," tambah dia.
Dengan adanya faktor-faktor tersebut, dr. Susanthy mengatakan tidak ada kata terlalu dini untuk mencegah dan mengenali PPOK. Tanpa pengobatan, PPOK merupakan penyakit progresif yang semakin memburuk seiring berjalannya waktu. Sebenarnya, kata dia, pengobatan PPOK paling efektif ketika dimulai pada awal perjalanan penyakit.
"Namun, pada semua tahap penyakit, telah tersedia pengobatan untuk mencegah perburukan, mengurangi gejala terutama sesak napas dan memungkinkan penderita untuk berpartisipasi lebih banyak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari," tandas dia.
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