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Inilah Alasan Citra Pertama Lubang Hitam Terlihat Buram Pada Rabu (10/4/2019), sekelompok astronom akhirnya berhasil mengungkapkan citra pertama dari lubang hitam. Namun, dari hasil citra yang beredar, penampakan lubang hitam itu terlihat buram.
Citra pertama dari lubang hitam hanya menampilkan fitur semacam cincin cahaya mengelilingi area gelap. Cincin tersebut merupakan materi cakram akresi yang berada di horison peristiwa lubang hitam, sementara area gelap yang berada di tengahnya adalah lubang hitam itu sendiri.
Citra pertama dari lubang hitam di galaksi M87 tersebut dihasilkan setelah analisis data pengamatan komputer yang dilakukan selama dua tahun terakhir. Untuk menangkap citra tersebut, para astronom harus mengarahkan delapan teleskop radio yang diintegrasikan menjadi satu jaringan teleskop besar, yang disebut dengan Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).
EHT mengamati galaksi M87 selama 10 hari pada bulan April 2017 silam. Data-data dari delapan teleskop radio tersebut kemudian dikumpulkan untuk disatukan. Menurut Nature.com, para astronom mendapatkan 2 petabita data setiap satu malam. Dengan kata lain, selama 10 hari pengamatan para astronom telah mendapatkan 20 petabita.
Tidak hanya mengamati lubang hitam di M87, EHT juga memantau lubang hitam di Bimasakti yang disebut dengan Sagitarius A*. Namun, mengamati lubang hitam di Bimasakti yang "hanya" berjarak 26.000 tahun cahaya dinilai lebih sulit daripada mengamati lubang hitam di M87 yang memiliki jarak 55 juta tahun cahaya.
Teori Lubang hitam supermasif [universetoday]
"Rasanya seperti melihat melalui kaca buram," ucap Shep Doeleman, seorang astronom di Pusat Astrofisika Harvard-Smithsonian, seperti yang dikutip dariNY Times .
Hal itu yang membuat hasil citra pertama dari lubang hitam tampak buram. Terlebih, hasil citra ini dikarenakan banyaknya partikel bermuatan seperti elektron dan proton yang mengisi ruang antarbintang.
EHT mengamati lubang hitam di M87 dengan menggunakan metode very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), yaitu mengamati lubang hitam dalam panjang gelombang sekitar 1,3 mm. Untuk melihat lubang hitam dengan lebih jelas atau tidak buram, maka para astronom harus dapat membuat teleskop radio ke panjang gelombang yang lebih pendek. Dengan kata lain, para astronom membutuhkan teleskop yang lebih besar dari yang sekarang.
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