')}.amp-carousel-button-prev{background-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,Previous ')}.ampstart-dropdown{min-width:200px}.ampstart-dropdown.absolute{z-index:100}.ampstart-dropdown.absolute>section,.ampstart-dropdown.absolute>section>header{height:100%}.ampstart-dropdown>section>header{background-color:#000;border:0;color:#fff}.ampstart-dropdown>section>header:after{display:inline-block;content:"+";padding:0 0 0 1.5rem;color:#003f93}.ampstart-dropdown>[expanded]>header:after{content:"�"}.absolute .ampstart-dropdown-items{z-index:200}.ampstart-dropdown-item{background-color:#000;color:#003f93;opacity:.9}.ampstart-dropdown-item:active,.ampstart-dropdown-item:hover{opacity:1}.ampstart-footer .ampstart-icon{fill:#000}.ampstart-footer .ampstart-social-follow li:last-child{margin-right:0}.ampstart-image-fullpage-hero{color:#fff}.ampstart-fullpage-hero-heading-text,.ampstart-image-fullpage-hero .ampstart-image-credit{-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background:#000;padding:0 1rem .2rem}.ampstart-image-fullpage-hero>amp-img{max-height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem)}.ampstart-image-fullpage-hero>amp-img img{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.ampstart-fullpage-hero-heading{line-height:3.5rem}.ampstart-fullpage-hero-cta{background:transparent}.ampstart-readmore{background:-webkit-linear-gradient(bottom,rgba(0,0,0,.65),transparent);background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.65),transparent);color:#fff;margin-top:5rem;padding-bottom:3.5rem}.ampstart-readmore:after{display:block;content:"?";font-size:2rem}.ampstart-readmore-text{background:#000}@media (min-width:52.06rem){.ampstart-image-fullpage-hero>amp-img{height:60vh}}.ampstart-image-heading{color:#fff;background:-webkit-linear-gradient(bottom,rgba(0,0,0,.65),transparent);background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.65),transparent)}.ampstart-image-heading>*{margin:0}amp-carousel .ampstart-image-with-heading{margin-bottom:0}.ampstart-image-with-caption figcaption{color:#4f4f4f;line-height:1.125rem}amp-carousel .ampstart-image-with-caption{margin-bottom:0}.ampstart-input{max-width:100%;width:300px;min-width:100px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem}.ampstart-input [disabled],.ampstart-input [disabled]+label{opacity:.5}.ampstart-input [disabled]:focus{outline:0}.ampstart-input>input,.ampstart-input>select,.ampstart-input>textarea{width:100%;margin-top:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;border:0;border-radius:0;border-bottom:1px solid #4a4a4a;background:none;color:#4a4a4a;outline:0}.ampstart-input>label{color:#003f93;pointer-events:none;text-align:left;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1rem;opacity:0;-webkit-animation:.2s;animation:.2s;-webkit-animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);-webkit-animation-fill-mode:forwards;animation-fill-mode:forwards}.ampstart-input>input:focus,.ampstart-input>select:focus,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus{outline:0}.ampstart-input>input:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder,.ampstart-input>select:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input:focus::-moz-placeholder,.ampstart-input>select:focus::-moz-placeholder,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input:focus:-ms-input-placeholder,.ampstart-input>select:focus:-ms-input-placeholder,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus:-ms-input-placeholder{color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input:focus::placeholder,.ampstart-input>select:focus::placeholder,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus::placeholder{color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input:not(:placeholder-shown):not([disabled])+label,.ampstart-input>select:not(:placeholder-shown):not([disabled])+label,.ampstart-input>textarea:not(:placeholder-shown):not([disabled])+label{opacity:1}.ampstart-input>input:focus+label,.ampstart-input>select:focus+label,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus+label{-webkit-animation-name:a;animation-name:a}@-webkit-keyframes a{to{opacity:1}}.ampstart-input>label:after{content:"";height:2px;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:45%;background:#003f93;-webkit-transition:.2s;transition:.2s;-webkit-transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);visibility:hidden;width:10px}.ampstart-input>input:focus+label:after,.ampstart-input>select:focus+label:after,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus+label:after{left:0;width:100%;visibility:visible}.ampstart-input>input[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none}.ampstart-input>input[type=range]{border-bottom:0}.ampstart-input>input[type=range]+label:after{display:none}.ampstart-input>select{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none}.ampstart-input>select+label:before{content:"?";line-height:1.5rem;position:absolute;right:5px;zoom:2;top:0;bottom:0;color:#003f93}.ampstart-input-chk,.ampstart-input-radio{width:auto;color:#4a4a4a}.ampstart-input input[type=checkbox],.ampstart-input input[type=radio]{margin-top:0;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;width:20px;height:20px;border:1px solid #003f93;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:.5rem;text-align:center}.ampstart-input input[type=radio]{border-radius:20px}.ampstart-input input[type=checkbox]:not([disabled])+label,.ampstart-input input[type=radio]:not([disabled])+label{pointer-events:auto;-webkit-animation:none;animation:none;vertical-align:middle;opacity:1;cursor:pointer}.ampstart-input input[type=checkbox]+label:after,.ampstart-input input[type=radio]+label:after{display:none}.ampstart-input input[type=checkbox]:after,.ampstart-input input[type=radio]:after{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;content:" ";line-height:1.4rem;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;background-color:#fff}.ampstart-input input[type=checkbox]:checked:after{background-color:#003f93;color:#fff;content:"?"}.ampstart-input input[type=radio]:checked{background-color:#fff}.ampstart-input input[type=radio]:after{top:3px;bottom:3px;left:3px;right:3px;border-radius:12px}.ampstart-input input[type=radio]:checked:after{content:"";font-size:3rem;background-color:#003f93}.ampstart-input>label,_:-ms-lang(x){opacity:1}.ampstart-input>input:-ms-input-placeholder,_:-ms-lang(x){color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input::placeholder,_:-ms-lang(x){color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input::-ms-input-placeholder,_:-ms-lang(x){color:transparent}.ampstart-input>select::-ms-expand{display:none}.ampstart-headerbar{background-color:#fff;color:#000;z-index:999;box-shadow:0 0 5px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.ampstart-headerbar+:not(amp-sidebar),.ampstart-headerbar+amp-sidebar+*{margin-top:3.5rem}.ampstart-headerbar-nav .ampstart-nav-item{padding:0 1rem;background:transparent;opacity:.8}.ampstart-headerbar-nav{line-height:3.5rem}.ampstart-nav-item:active,.ampstart-nav-item:focus,.ampstart-nav-item:hover{opacity:1}.ampstart-navbar-trigger:focus{outline:none}.ampstart-nav a,.ampstart-navbar-trigger,.ampstart-sidebar-faq a{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none}.ampstart-nav .ampstart-label{color:inherit}.ampstart-navbar-trigger{line-height:3.5rem;font-size:2rem}.ampstart-headerbar-nav{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}.ampstart-nav-search{-webkit-box-flex:0.5;-ms-flex-positive:0.5;flex-grow:0.5}.ampstart-headerbar .ampstart-nav-search:active,.ampstart-headerbar .ampstart-nav-search:focus,.ampstart-headerbar .ampstart-nav-search:hover{box-shadow:none}.ampstart-nav-search>input{border:none;border-radius:3px;line-height:normal}.ampstart-nav-dropdown{min-width:200px}.ampstart-nav-dropdown amp-accordion header{background-color:#fff;border:none}.ampstart-nav-dropdown amp-accordion ul{background-color:#fff}.ampstart-nav-dropdown .ampstart-dropdown-item,.ampstart-nav-dropdown .ampstart-dropdown>section>header{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.ampstart-nav-dropdown .ampstart-dropdown-item{color:#003f93}.ampstart-sidebar{background-color:#fff;color:#000;min-width:300px;width:300px}.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-icon{fill:#003f93}.ampstart-sidebar-header{line-height:3.5rem;min-height:3.5rem}.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-dropdown header,.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-dropdown-item,.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-faq-item,.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-nav-item,.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-social-follow{margin:0 0 1.5rem}.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-nav-dropdown{margin:0}.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-navbar-trigger{line-height:inherit}.ampstart-navbar-trigger svg{pointer-events:none}.ampstart-related-article-section{border-color:#4a4a4a}.ampstart-related-article-section .ampstart-heading{color:#4a4a4a;font-weight:400}.ampstart-related-article-readmore{color:#000;letter-spacing:0}.ampstart-related-section-items>li{border-bottom:1px solid #4a4a4a}.ampstart-related-section-items>li:last-child{border:none}.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:0}.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>amp-img,.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>figcaption{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>figcaption{padding-left:1rem}@media (min-width:40.06rem){.ampstart-related-section-items>li{border:none}.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>figcaption{padding:1rem 0}.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>amp-img,.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>figcaption{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%}}.ampstart-social-box{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.ampstart-social-box>amp-social-share{background-color:#000}.ampstart-icon{fill:#003f93}.ampstart-input{width:100%}main .ampstart-social-follow{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:315px}main .ampstart-social-follow li{-webkit-transform:scale(1.8);transform:scale(1.8)}h1+.ampstart-byline time{font-size:18px;font-weight:400}.ampstart-subtitle{text-transform:uppercase}.content-body iframe{max-width:100%}.margin-top-15{margin-top:15px}.margin-top-10{margin-top:10px}.text-red{color:red}.amp-social-share{font-size:14px;padding:5px;width:32%}amp-social-share{background-size:20px}.amp-social-list{position:absolute;bottom:30px}.followus{margin-top:-10px;font-weight:700}.box-artikel-terkait-images amp-img{width:80px;height:80px}.box-artikel-terkait{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:10px}.box-artikel-terkait-images{float:left}.box-artikel-terkait-images amp-img img{object-fit:cover}.box-artikel-terkait-description small{font-size:11px}.box-artikel-terkait-description p{font-weight:700;font-size:14px}.box-artikel-terkait a{text-decoration:none}.feature-images amp-img img{object-fit:cover}.ads{width:320px;height:auto;text-align:center;margin:70px auto auto}.ads-300{height:250px}.ads-300,.ads-600{width:300px;text-align:center;margin:10px auto auto}.ads-600{height:600px}footer{background-color:#fff}footer ul{margin:0;padding:0}footer a{color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;text-transform:none}footer li{list-style:none}.footer-copyright{color:#fff;font-size:14px;text-align:center;padding:10px;background-color:#1d1d1b}.feature-images-video{background-color:#000;padding:20px 0}.content-body p{margin:10px 0}.align-center-button{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-direction:row;width:100%}amp-web-push-widget .subscribe{display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;border-radius:2px;border:1px solid #007ae2;padding:6px 20px;font-size:12px;margin:15px 0 0;background:#0e82e5;color:#fff}amp-web-push-widget .subscribe,amp-web-push-widget .unsubscribe{cursor:pointer;outline:0;font-weight:400;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}amp-web-push-widget .unsubscribe{border-radius:2px;border:1px solid #b3b3b3;margin:0;padding:8px 15px;font-size:15px;background:#bdbdbd;color:#555}amp-web-push-widget .subscribe .subscribe-icon{margin-right:10px}amp-web-push-widget .subscribe:active{transform:scale(.99)}
Jarak Kelahiran Mempengaruhi Kepribadian Anak Anak kedua atau anak tengah yang berkelamin sejenis dengan kakaknya memang cenderung lebih punya sifat kompetitif dan punya kemampuan sosial lebih baik.
Sebab, ia harus bisa mencuri perhatian ibu atau ayah dari si kakak. "Apalagi jika jarak usia dengan si kakak kurang dari lima tahun," kata Roslina Verauli, psikolog yang berpraktek di Rumah Sakit Pondok Indah, Jakarta Selatan. Dia merujuk pada teori yang dikembangkan pakar psikologi individu, Alfred Adler, tentang pengaruh urutan kelahiran (birth-order ) terhadap perkembangan psikologi anak. "Adler mengamati bahwa kepribadian anak sulung,anak tengah, dan anak bungsu dalam satu keluarga akan berlainan," ujarnya. Teori ini didasari pada asumsi bahwa manusia membutuhkan perhatian dan kasih sayang. Anak kedua sejak lahir bersaing untuk mendapatkan hal itu.
"Dengan melakukan dua cara, bersaing secara sehat dengan bekerja lebih keras atau menempuh jalan pintas," kata Vera, yang menulis buku tentang pengembangan diri berjudulI was an Ugly Duckling, I am A Beautiful Swan . Dalam beberapa referensi, menurut Vera, selain faktor urutan, jarak kelahiran bisa mempengaruhi. Jika jarak kelahiran anak pertama dengan kedua kurang dari lima tahun atau lebih dekat lagi, "Pengaruhnya tentu saja bisa positif atau negatif," ujarnya. Karena itu, hal utama yang perlu disadari para orang tua, menurut Vera, yang sejak 2002 mengajar di Universitas Tarumanegara Jakarta, jangan pernah membeda-bedakan perlakuan terhadap anak. Juga ketahui kebutuhan tiap anak karena setiap anak pada hakikatnya unik. "Ada anak yang butuh disayang itu cukup dengan lirik, sebaliknya ada yang sudah dipeluk-peluk masih merasa belum disayang," ujar perempuan kelahiran 23 Februari 1977 itu. Hal lain yang patut dicamkan, Vera melanjutkan, banyak anak bukan otomatis banyak rezeki. Namun banyak anak menuntut orang tua banyak usaha mendekati dan memahami kepribadian tiap anak.KORAN TEMPO Berita lainnya:
Si Sukses dalam Keluarga: Anak Tengah Kiat Ajarkan Anak Berpuasa yang Pertama Kali Bagian Tubuh Mana yang Pertama Dibersihkan? Itulah Kepribadianmu
Berita Terkait: