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Jepang Kembangkan Makhluk Mutan Gabungan Tikus - Manusia Banyak ilmuwan dari berbagai negara bereksperimen menumbuhkan embrio sel hewan dan manusia, tapi tak dibiarkan tumbuh hingga sempurna terutama karena persoalan etika.
Kekinian, adalah Jepang yang memberi izin pengembangan embrio mutan untuk pembuatan organ manusia.
Hal ini menjadikan Jepang sebagai negara pertama yang memberikan izin kelahiran embrio dengan sel gabungan manusia dan hewan, untuk kebutuhan membuat organ manusia.
Seorang peneliti Jepang bernama Hiromitsu Nakauchi berencana memasukkan sel induk manusia ke dalam tikus hidup dan kemudian mentransfer sel itu ke hewan lain.
Para ahli di Kementerian Ilmu Pengetahuan Jepang menyetujui proposal yang diajukan oleh peneliti Universitas Tokyo ini.
Nakauchi akan menumbuhkan sel batang manusia pada embrio tikus, tikus putih dan babi untuk kemudian mentransplantasikan sel-sel itu ke hewan lain, demikian menurut majalahNature yang dikutipDW Indonesia.
Melalui penelitiannya ini, Nakauchi berharap bisa menciptakan hewan dengan organ manusia lengkap yang nantinya bisa ditransfer ke tubuh manusia.
Dirancang hindari kesalahan mutasi
Pada Maret 2019, Jepang mencabut larangan pengembangan embrio manusia-hewan yang berusia di atas 14 hari atau menyelesaikan perkembangannya.
Peraturan ini juga melarang ilmuwan untuk mentransplantasi organ yang sebelumnya dikembangkan di dalam embrio suatu hewan ke hewan lain.
Banyak peneliti dari negara lain yang juga telah menumbuhkan sel-sel manusia di dalam embrio hewan. Namun, tidak ada embrio yang dibiarkan tumbuh hingga sempurna.
Ahli bioetika mengatakan penelitian ini dapat memiliki konsekuensi yang tidak diinginkan jika beberapa sel manusia dipindahkan ke otak hewan.
Namun, Nakauchi membantah dan mengatakan kepadaNature , bahwa intervensi ini hanya dirancang untuk mempengaruhi organ yang memang ia rencanakan untuk tumbuh.
Pada tahun 2017, dia secara efektif telah menyembuhkan tikus yang menderita diabetes dengan menumbuhkan pankreas tikus sehat dalam sebuah embrio tikus sebelum memindahkannya ke tikus yang sakit.
Tikus, tikus putih, dan babi memang bukanlah inang terbaik untuk perkembangan organ manusia karena adanya "jarak genetik" antara sel hewan itu dan sel manusia.
Nakauchi berharap eksperimen ini dapat membantu para ilmuwan untuk lebih memahami permasalahan yang mereka hadapi.
Kementerian Sains Jepang diperkirakan akan memberikan persetujuan akhir bagi proyek itu di bulan Agustus.
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