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Kata Dokter tentang Risiko Sunat pada Anak Perempuan Sunat memang membawa manfaat bagi anak laki-laki, namun tidak demikian jika sunat dilakukan pada anak perempuan. Tak terkecuali, sunat pada anak perempuan ketika masih bayi.
Sunat atau sirkumsisi merupakan tindakan membuang sebagian atau seluruh kulit penutup depan kelamin itu. Selain sebagai tradisi budaya dan agama, sunat juga dilanggengkan karena punya banyak manfaat seperti menjaga kebersihan, menghindarkan infeksi saluran kemih hingga mencegah penyakit menular seksual. Namun perlu dicatat, itu bagi anak laki-laki.
Lantas, mengapa sunat pada anak perempuan jadi berisiko hingga banyak ditentang dan menimbulkan kontroversi?
Dr. Ireska T. Afifa anggota Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI) menyebut, jika sunat pada anak perempuan biasanya dilakukan dengan memotong atau melukai sedikit kulit penutup(prepusium) klitoris. Padahal secara anatomis, tidak semua anak perempuan memilikiprepusium yang menutupi klitoris atau saluran kemih.
Tak elak, sunat pada anak perempuan malah bisa jadi tindakan yang melukai dan membahayakan. Begitu berisikonya tindakan ini, hingga Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan (Permenkes) No.1636/Menkes/PER/XI/2010 yang berisi panduan prosedur pelaksaan sunat perempuan akhirnya dicabut.
Setelah pencabutan Permenkes ini, pelarangan sunat perempuan kemudian diputuskan malalui Permenkes No.6 tahun 2014 yang menyatakan sunat pada perempuan bukan termasuk tindakan kedokteran karena tidak berdasar indikasi medis dan tak terbukti manfaat kesehatannya bagi perempuan.
Masalah sunat pada anak perempuan ini tidak hanya menjadi sorotan di Indonesia. Beberapa negara di dunia bahkan ada yang menyebut sunat perempuan sebagai Mutilasi Genital Perempuan atauFemale Genital Cutting/Mutilation (FMG). Misalnya, Afrika yang melakukan praktik sunat perempuan sebagai kepatuhan budaya tanpa memerhatikan risiko di dalamnya.
WHO bersama Persatuan Dokter Obstetri dan Ginekologi Dunia mengecam seluruh praktik FMG dilakuan dengan cara yang berbahaya. Mulai dari melukai, menusuk, menggores, membuang sebagian atau seluruh klitoris dan labia minor atau mayor hingga hanya menyisakan saluran kemih saja.
Jika itu terjadi, maka risiko komplikasi serius yang disertai perdarahan hebat hingga kematian bisa terjadi pada anak-anak perempuan. Potensi bahaya kian besar terjadi, karena kebanyakan FMG dilakukan secara ilegal dan tidak steril.
Tak hanya risiko medis,American Academy of Pediatrics (APP) menyebut jika sunat dikhawatirkan bisa menyebabkan perempuan tidak nyaman dalam hubungan seksual hingga berefek samping jangka panjang di masa mendatang.