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Kenali Stadium Kanker Payudara Klikdokter.com - Kanker payudara merupakan jenis kanker yang paling banyak ditemukan pada wanita di seluruh dunia. Pada tahun 2011 diperkirakan lebih dari 508.000 wanita meninggal karena kanker payudara. Pada tahun 2012, ditemukan 1.7 juta kasus baru kanker payudara.
Setelah seseorang didiagnosis
kanker payudara , dokter akan menentukan stadium penyakitnya. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menentukan seberapa parah penyakitnya dan penanganan yang paling sesuai.
Stadium kanker payudara ditentukan berdasarkan empat hal berikut ini:
Ukuran kanker Kanker bersifat invasif atau noninvasif Penyebaran kanker ke kelenjar limfa di sekitar payudara Penyebaran kanker ke organ tubuh lainnya Maka dari itu akan diperlukan cukup banyak pemeriksaan, seperti pemeriksaan fisik, laboratorium, rontgen dada, mamografi, dan lain-lain.
Kanker payudara terdiri dari stadium 0 sampai IV. Berikut ini adalah penjelasannya:
Stadium 0 Merupakan stadium paling awal kanker payudara dan noninvasif. Contohnya adalah
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) di mana benjolan hanya ada di saluran air susu, tidak sampai ke kelenjar lemak payudara.
Stadium I Merupakan stadium awal kanker payudara yang invasif. Ukuran tumor tidak lebih dari 2 cm dan tidak ada pembesaran kelenjar getah bening.
Stadium II Stadium IIAUkuran tumor tidak lebih dari 2 cm dan sudah menyebar ke kelenjar getah bening di sekitar ketiak. Tidak ditemukan benjolan di payudara, tetapi kanker sudah menyebar ke kelenjar getah bening di daerah ketiak. Ukuran tumor 2-5 cm dan belum menyebar ke kelenjar getah bening di sekitarnya. Stadium IIBUkuran tumor 2-5 cm disertai penyebaran ke kelenjar getah bening di ketiak. Ukuran tumor lebih dari 5 cm tanpa penyebaran kelenjar getah bening. Stadium III Stadium IIIAUkuran tumor < 5 cm, sudah menyebar ke 4-9 kelenjar getah bening di sekitar ketiak atau kelenjar getah bening payudara dekat tulang dada, dan belum ada metastasis. Ukuran tumor > 5 cm, menyebar ke 1-3 kelenjar getah bening di ketiak atau di dekat tulang dada. Tumor tidak tumbuh keluar payudara. Stadium IIIBTumor membesar sampai ke dinding dada atau kulit payudara. Ditemukan penyebaran ke 1-9 kelenjar getah bening di ketiak atau dekat tulang dada. Stadium IIIB akhir terjadi jika ditemukan tanda-tanda peradangan pada payudara, seperti kulit payudara berwarna merah, bengkak, panas, atau ditemukan sel kanker di kulit payudara. Stadium IIICSemua ukuran tumor (baik besar maupun kecil) atau bahkan tidak ditemukan tumor sama sekali. Disertai penyebaran ke 10 atau lebih kelenjar getah bening di ketiak. Penyebaran ke kelenjar getah bening di dekat tulang dada. Penyebaran ke kelenjar getah bening di sekitar tulang selangka/leher. Stadium IV Kanker payudara invasif yang sudah menyebar ke luar payudara, termasuk kelenjar getah bening atau organ tubuh lainnya (seperti paru-paru, tulang, kulit, hati, dan otak). Kondisi ini disebut sebagai metastasis.
Lakukanlah SADARI (pemeriksaan payudara sendiri) secara rutin, dianjurkan setiap satu bulan sekali. Jangan ragu untuk menghubungi dokter jika Anda merasakan benjolan atau perubahan pada payudara. Karena keterlambatan deteksi kanker payudara dapat berakibat fatal.
[RS/RH] Baca Juga: