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Kisah Muslim Ditahan dan Dicuci Otak Partai Komunis China Kebebasan beragama adalah hak warga yang dijamin oleh konstitusiChina . Walau demikian, tak semua orang bisa begitu saja mendapatkan kebebasan tersebut. China kerap dikritik karena kebebasan beragama hanya terbatas pada organisasi yang terdaftar di negara. Selebihnya, warga dilaporkan kerap mengalami tindakan sewenang-wenang. Partai Komunis China sendiri secara resmi dengan ketat melarang anggotanya memeluk agama. Dalam kasus tertentu, paham ateis partai itu bisa dipaksakan kepada orang lain. Sejak tahun lalu, pihak berwenang China di Xinjiang, daerah yang didominasi Muslim, dilaporkan telah menangkap puluhan hingga ratusan penganut agama Islam. Tak hanya warga China, warga asing pun turut diamankan.
LaporanWashington Post yang dipublikasi pada Rabu (16/5) menceritakan bagaimana Omir Bekali dan tahanan-tahanan lain di kamp indoktrinasi China mesti meninggalkan agama Islam. Bekali adalah seorang Muslim asal Kazakhstan. Bersama para tahanan lain, dia dipaksa melupakan keyakinannya, mengkritik diri sendiri dan memuji Partai Komunis. Ketika ia menolak mengikuti perintah setiap harinya, dia dipaksa berdiri selama lima jam. Sepekan kemudian, dia dikirim ke ruang tahanan terisolasi. Di ruang tahanan itu, ia tak diberi makan selama 24 jam. Setelah 20 hari berada di kamp itu, ia sempat ingin bunuh diri.
"Tekanan psikologisnya sangat besar, ketika Anda harus mengkritik diri sendiri, membenci pemikiran Anda sendiri--etnis Anda sendiri," kata Bekali, menangis. "Saya masih memikirkannya setiap malam, hingga matahari terbit. Saya tak bisa tidur."
Ilustrasi Muslim di China. (Reuters/Kevin Lee)
Pemerintah China secara umum menolak mengomentari kamp yang ditempati Bekali. Namun, ada beberapa pejabat yang dikutip media mengatakan bahwa perubahan ideologi dibutuhkan untuk memerangi separatisme dan ekstremisme Islamis. Kelompok Muslim Radikal Uighur dilaporkan telah membunuh ratusan orang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini dan China menganggap kawasan Xinjiang sebagai ancaman besar bagi negara.
Kamp-kamp doktrin ini menyebar dengan cepat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, tanpa proses yudisial maupun dokumen legal. Para tahanan dipaksa melupakan identitas agama dan politiknya dengan sistem imbalan dan hukuman. Bentuk hukuman itu sendiri bisa berupa kurungan isolasi, pemukulan dan kelaparan paksa--seperti yang dialami Bekali. Lelaki berusia 42 tahun itu ditahan aparat keamanan China selama delapan bulan sejak tahun lalu, tanpa bantuan hukum. Cerita Bekali sulit untuk diverifikasi, tapi dua diplomat Kazakhstan mengonfirmasi ia sempat ditahan selama tujuh bulan dan dikirim ke kamp indoktrinasi.
Dimintai komentar soal kamp itu, Kementerian Luar Negeri China menyatakan "tak pernah mendengar" situasi yang digambarkan. Ketika ditanya mengapa warga asing turut ditahan, kementerian menyatakan pemerintah melindungi hak warga asing di China dan mereka meski menaati hukum. Pejabat di Xinjiang tidak merespons permintaan komentar terkait hal ini.
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