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Kota Paling Miskin dan Menyedihkan di Dunia Terbentang tinggi di Andes Peru, jauh di atas deretan pepohonan, ada sebuah kamp pertambangan emas tua yang selama bertahun-tahun tumbuh dengan "status" sebagai sebuah kota.
Lebih dari 30 ribu orang tinggal di kota pegunungan ini dengan ketinggian hingga 5 kilometer sehingga disebut sebagai permukiman tertinggi di dunia.
Adalah La Rinconada (di ketinggian 5.100 meter) sangat tinggi sehingga kondisi cuacanya menyerupai pantai barat Greenland, meski terletak hanya 14 derajat dari khatulistiwa. Musim panasnya basah dan musim dinginnya kering. Sepanjang harinya dingin dan malamnya membeku. Suhu tahunan rata-rata di Lan Rinconada hanya 1,2 derajat celcius.
Pada kenyataannya, La Rinconada lebih menyerupai permukiman daripada sebuah kota. Tidak ada jalan, tidak ada pipa ledeng, dan tidak ada sistem pembuangan limbah. Rumah-rumahnya terbuat dari lempengan timah bergelombang tanpa isolasi.
Semua pria bekerja di pertambangan, sementara wanita menjual barang, mengais emas di tong batu yang dibuang atau bahkan ada juga yag menghasilkan uang dari prostitusi.
Para penambang mengekstrak emas menggunakan merkuri-bahan paling banyak kedua yang bisa ditemukan di sini setelah emas. Karena itu, tanah, udara, air dan salju di La Rinconada dan banyak hal lainnya di sini telah terkontaminasi. Jika La Rinconada adalah kota, maka kota ini bisa disebut kota termiskin dan paling menyedihkan di dunia.
Tidak seperti kota pertambangan lainnya, La Rinconada bukan milik perusahaan. Sebaliknya, hampir semua tambang yang beroperasi di sini bersifat informal atau dengan kata lain ilegal. Tidak ada administrasi dan tidak ada undang-undang. Tidak ada investasi yang masuk ke dalam pembangunan kota. Perekonomian tidak diatur, sebagian besar emas yang keluar dari gunung langsung menuju ke pasar gelap.
Mirisnya lagi, pengelola pertambangan yang ada, Corporacion Ananea tidak membayar gaji kepada pekerjanya. Sebagai gantinya, mereka beroperasi di bawah sistem tenaga kerja kuno yang disebut cachorreo. Di bawah sistem ini, karyawan bekerja selama tiga puluh hari tanpa bayaran, dan pada usia 31 tahun mereka diperbolehkan mengambil sebanyak mungkin bijih yang bisa mereka angkut di atas bahu mereka yang letih.
Tidak ada cara untuk mengetahui berapa banyak emas yang mungkin terkandung di batuan dan seringkali isinya sangat sedikit. Namun, ribuan orang bekerja keras sepanjang bulan dengan harapan bisa mencapainya pada satu hari "pencurian".
Meskipun pengelola menggunakan sistem pembayaran tradisional seperti itu, para penambang terus saja berduyun-duyun datang ke wilayah tersebut. Antara tahun 2001 hingga 2009 bahkan populasi La Rinconada sampai meningkat dua kali lipat.
(Sumber: amusingplanet.com)