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Kualitas Udara Buruk Buat Paru-Paru Cepat Tua pada 5 tahun lalu - bytim Kualitas udara dan polusi di Jakarta masih menempati peringkat paling buruk di dunia. Kategori kualitas udara itu tergolong dalam tidak sehat. Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan kualitas dan polusi udara dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada paru-paru. Polusi udara dapat membuat para-paru menua lebih cepat dan berisiko terhadap Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK). Normalnya, fungsi paru-paru menurun sebagai bagian dari penuaan alami. Penelitian yang dipublikasikan di European Respiratory Journal ini menemukan bahwa paparan partikel polusi membuat usia paru-paru menua lebih cepat. Semakin banyak polusi yang dihirup semakin cepat penuaan pada paru-paru. Partikel polusi adalah campuran dari material padat dan cair di udara. Bentuknya dapat berupa kotoran, debu, asap yang berasal dari pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara dan gas alam, mobil, pertanian, jalan tidak beraspal, dan lokasi konstruksi.
Studi ini mendapati setiap tambahan 5 mikrogram per meter kubik partikel polusi setiap tahunnya, menunjukkan paru-paru akan menua dua tahun lebih cepat dan terjadi penurunan fungsi paru-paru secara nyata. Situasi akan jauh lebih buruk bagi orang yang hidup dengan udara yang memiliki lebih dari 10 mikrogram per meter kubik partikel polusi. Di daerah yang paling tercemar, jumlah kasus PPOK empat kali lebih tinggi daripada jika seseorang hidup dengan perokok. Pada orang dengan penghasilan rendah risiko PPOK juga akan meningkat. "Polusi udara memiliki dampak penurunan fungsi paru-paru dua kali dan tiga kali peningkatan risiko PPOK pada kelompok berpenghasilan rendah dibandingkan dengan peserta berpenghasilan tinggi yang memiliki paparan polusi udara yang sama," kata peneliti Anna Hansell dari University of Leicester, dikutip dari CNN. PPOK merupakan penyakit yang menghalangi aliran udara ke paru-paru sehingga membuat seseorang sulit bernapas. Penyakit ini merupakan penyebab kematian nomor tiga di dunia.
Hasil penelitian ini didapat setelah peneliti menggunakan data dari UK Biobank. Data itu terdiri dari hasil survei dan tes fungsi paru-paru pada lebih dari 300 ribu orang. Peneliti menyimpulkan polusi udara memiliki dampak menyebabkan peradangan di paru-paru, yang mempersempit saluran udara dan membuat lebih sulit bernapas. Polusi udara juga meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung, stroke, dan kanker paru-paru.
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