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Kurang Minum Air Mineral Berujung Penyakit Kronis Air mineral sering kali jadinutrisi yang terlupakan. Padahal, cairan itu sama pentingnya dengan karbohidrat dan protein yang tergabung dalam makronutrien. Sebagai makronutrien, air diperlukan oleh tubuh dalam jumlah besar untuk memberikan energi pada tubuh.Kekurangan air atau dehidrasi akan berakibat fatal bagi tubuh. Dalam jangka pendek, dehidrasi dapat membuat tubuh tak bertenaga, hilang konsentrasi, hingga stres. Efek jangka panjang justru lebih berbahaya karena dapat menyebabkan penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2, kardiovaskular, infeksi kandung kemih, dan gagal ginjal. Pakar kesehatan hidrasi internasional dari Paul Sebatier France University, Ivan Tack menyebut, saat ini terdapat 500 juta orang dewasa di dunia yang kurang minum air mineral atau kurang dari 1,2 liter per hari. Kebutuhan cairan orang dewasa rata-rata mencapai 2 liter atau 8 gelas air per hari.
"Orang yang kurang minum air mencapai 500 juta orang dewasa di seluruh dunia. Hal ini berakibat pada munculnya berbagai penyakit," kata Tack dalam konferensi pers Indonesian Hydration and Health Conference di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FKUI), Jakarta, Rabu (7/11). Saat kekurangan cairan, ujar Tack, tubuh bakal mengeluarkan hormon vasopresin yang mengakibatkan peningkatan hormon stres kortisol pemicu inflamasi kronis dalam waktu lama. Akibatnya, dalam jangka panjang, tubuh bisa memproduksi batu ginjal, mengalami gagal ginjal, hingga infeksi kandung kemih. Selain itu, kekurangan cairan juga dapat jadi pemicu awal mula penyakit kronis seperti diabetes, kardiovaskular, dan sindrom metabolik. "Ini adalah efek yang tidak terduga. Jika ginjal berhubungan langsung dengan cairan, penyakit lain seperti diabetes dan kardiovaskular juga terbukti memiliki keterkaitan," tutur Tack. Dengan mencukup kebutuhan minum air mineral 2 liter setiap hari, risiko terkena berbagai penyakit seperti gagak ginjal, diabetes, dan gangguan kardiovaskular bakal berkurang.
Di Indonesia, prevalensi orang dewasa yang kurang minum mencapai 21 juta orang. Sedangkan berdasarkan publikasiLiq.in (European Journal of Nutrition) pada 2018 menunjukkan sebanyak 22 persen anak-anak, 21 persen remaja, dan 28 persen dewasa belum memenuhi kebutuhan cairan tubuh melalui air putih. Penelitian itu juga menemukan masyarakat Indonesia masih tinggi dalam mengonsumsi minuman bergula. Sebanyak 24 persen anak-anak, 41 persen remaja, dan 33 persen dewasa mengonsumsi satu porsi (250 ml) atau lebih minuman bergula per hari. Konsumsi ini dapat berakibat pada obesitas, penyakit diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, dan penyakit ginjal, sama halnya dengan kekurangan cairan.
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