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Limbah Kulit Udang Bisa Sembuhkan Luka Bakar Antonius Sugiyanto, mahasiswa Departemen Teknologi Hasil Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan (FPIK) Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) berhasil menciptakan inovasi terbaru dengan memanfaatkan limbah kulit udang. Anto, sapaan akrabnya, membuat penyembuh luka bakar dari kitosan yang berasal dari kulit udang. Judul penelitiannya adalah “Penaeus Nanochitosan sebagai Biomaterial Medis untuk Penyembuhan Luka Bakar pada Tikus Sprague Dawley secara In Vivo”. Penelitian ini dilakukan di bawah bimbingan Dr. Pipih Suptijah dan Waras Nurcholis, SSi, MSi. “Industri pengolahan udang banyak menghasilkan limbah kulit udang yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Limbah ini dapat diubah menjadi kitosan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai agen penyembuh luka,” ujarnya dalam rilis IPB yang diterimaRepublika.co.id , Rabu (10/1). Luka bakar merupakan kerusakan pada kulit atau kehilangan jaringan yang disebabkan kontak dengan sumber panas, seperti api, air panas, bahan kimia, listrik, dan radiasi. Luka bakar yang sulit untuk disembuhkan menjadi faktor risiko infeksi dan penyebab utama dilakukannya penanaman kulit serta tindakan amputasi. Menurut Anto, kitosan dari limbah kulit udang bermanfaat dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka (wound healing), proliferasi sel, meningkatkan kolagenisasi, dan mengakselerasi regenerasi sel (re-epitelisasi) pada kulit yang terluka. Dalam penelitiannya, Anto memodifikasi kitosan menjadi nanokitosan. Nanokitosan memiliki ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil sehingga bersifat reaktif dan dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Nanokitosan pada penelitian ini diujikan secara in vivo kepada tikus Sprague Dawley. Hasil pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis menunjukkan, konsentrasi nanokitosan 2.000 ppm, 1.500 ppm, dan 1.000 ppm memiliki pengaruh terhadap waktu sembuh dan persentase penyembuhan luka bakar pada hari ke-18 sebesar 99,6 persen; 98,7 persen; dan 93,8 persen. Kondisi luka dan persentase pengecilan luasan luka lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif. Sedian nanokitosan sudah masuk tahap maturasi awal pada hari ke-7. Maturasi adalah tahap terakhir dalam fase penyembuhan luka. Anto berharap hasil penelitiannya ini dapat memberikan pilihan alternatif sebagai bahan biomaterial medis pada penyembuhan luka bakar yang aman, praktis, dan memperkaya informasi bagi dunia farmasi mengenai manfaat nanokitosan. “Saya berharap melalui penelitian ini dapat mengurangi limbah hasil pengolahan perikanan dan mengubahnya menjadi produk inovasi yang bernilai tambah, yaitu kitosan dari cangkang udang,” ujarnya.