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Lingkungan dan Imunisasi Bisa Mencegah Pneumonia pada Anak Air susu ibu (ASI) bisa mencegah berbagai penyakit, salah satunya adalah pneumonia. Karena ASI mengandung zat baik yang bisa meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh anak terhadap virus dan bakteri penyebab pneumonia. Selain ASI, anak juga sebaiknya dijauhkan dari penderita batuk dan asap ataupun debu.
"Salah satu asap yang bisa memicu pneumonia adalah asap rokok. Sebaiknya, para orang tua menjauhkan anak dari asap tersebut. Meskipun orang tua tidak merokok di dekat anak, namun asap rokok yang menempel pada baju dan rambut ketika merokok, bisa terhirup oleh anak dan merusak daya tahan keseimbangan tubuhnya," tutur spesialis respirasi anak dari fakultas kedokteran Universitas Padjajaran, Cissy Kartasasmita dalam diskusi media di Jakarta.
Lingkungan yang bersih dan kebiasaan yang baik seperti mencuci tangan serta sanitasi yang baik akan mengurangi risiko anak terserang pneumonia. Dan yang paling utama menurut Cissy adalah imunisasi.
Tidak hanya
pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) yang dibutuhkan anak untuk mencegah pneumonia. "Dibutuhkan pula vaksin campak, vaksin pertussis (DPT), vaksin Haemophilus influenza tipe b (Hib), dan vaksin influenza juga dibutuhkan untuk menurunkan kejadian pneumonia," ujarnya.
Imunisasi PCV 13 biasanya memakan biaya sekitar Rp 800 ribu, sedangkan PCV 10 memakan biaya sekitar Rp 500 ribu. Imunisasi PCV dilakukan selama empat kali, yang terdiri dari 3 kali imunisasi utama (pada bulan 2,4, dan 6) dan 1 kali
booster (antara bulan 12 dan 15).
Cissy mengingatkan para orang tua untuk tidak lupa memberikan vaksin tersebut kepada anak. "Jika mampu, usahakan untuk memenuhi kelima vaksin tersebut," ujarnya.
Perlu diketahui bahwa pneumonia adalah penyakit yang terkait dengan paru-paru dan menjadi penyebab 15 persen kasus kematian anak di bawah usia lima tahun di dunia.
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