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Lukisan Tertua di Dunia Ditemukan di Kalimantan Timur Lukisan yang ditemukan di sebuah gua di Kalimantan Timur disebut sebagai lukisan figuratif tertua di dunia, setelah hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usianya sekitar 40.000 tahun.
Lukisan figuratif adalah gambar-gambar menunjukkan objek nyata seperti manusia, binatang, atau tumbuhan - berbeda dari lukisan abstrak.
Temuan itu, yang diterbitkan dalam jurnalNature , kembali mendobrak kepercayaan di dunia sains yang mengatakan bahwa lukisan gua - yang diyakini sebagai salah satu inovasi dalam sejarah peradaban manusia - bermula di Eropa.
Adapun lukisan di Kalimantan Timur itu pertama kali ditemukan oleh penjelajah Prancis, Luc-Henri Fage pada 1994. Lukisan itu ditemukan di dalam gua Lubang Jeriji Saleh, Kaltim.
Lukisan itu sendiri terdiri dari beberapa bentuk, mulai dari telapak tangan manusia, motif-motif abstrak, dan tiga ekor binatang mirip lembu.
"Itu adalah lukisan figuratif gua tertua di dunia. Lukisan itu sangat mengagumkan. Ia merupakan jendela ke masa lalu," kata Maxime Aubert, pakar arkeologi dan geokimia dari Griffith University di Queensland, Australia yang terlibat dalam penelitian itu.
Menurut Aubert usia lukisan itu diketahui berdasarkan penelitian menggunakan teknik radiasi uranium. Dalam teknik itu, mereka tak menghitung usia pigmen yang digunakan untuk menggambar, tetapi lapisan-lapisan kalsium karbonat yang tercipta di sekitar lukisan itu.
Dari hitungan mereka diketahui bahwa lukisan binatang di gua itu diperkirakan berusia 40.000 tahun. Sementara lukisan telapak tangan manusia berusia sekitar 52.000 tahun.
"Siapa para seniman dari Kalimantan ini dan apa yang terjadi pada mereka adalah misteri," kata Pindi Setiawan, arkelog dari Institut Teknologi Bandung yang terlibat dalam riset itu.
Jika hitungan itu tepat, maka lukisan di gua Kaltim itu berusia 4.500 lebih tua dari lukisan serupa yang ditemukan di dinding gua Sulawesi yang sebelumnya diklaim sebagai yang tertua di dunia.
Sebelumnya para arkeolog mengira bahwa Eropa adalah tempat berkembangnya seni lukisan, salah satu tonggak penting dalam perkembangan peradaban manusia. Tetapi temuan di Sulawesi dan Kalimantan mendobrak keyakinan itu.
Sebelumnya, lukisan cetakan telapak tangan berusia 37.300 tahun yang ditemukan di gua El Castillo dipercaya sebagai lukisan tertua di dunia. Sementara lukisan figuratif tertua diyakini berada di Gua Chauvet, Prancis. Usianya sekitar 35.300 sampai 38.827 tahun. (Newsweek/The Guardian)
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