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Manfaat Mikroba dalam Pertanian Mikroba itu ada yang merugikan dan tentu saja banyak juga yang menguntungkan. Mikroba tertentu memainkan peran penting dalam mengubah nutrisi dalam tanah dan melindungi tanaman, serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Suhas P. Wani, Direktur Program Riset ICRISAT Development Center di Institut Riset Tanaman Internasional di Patancheru, India, mengatakan penggunaan mikroba akan menggantikan pupuk nonorganik, pestisida, dan penumbuh tanaman buatan, yang berpotensi merusak tanah. Salah satu kelompok mikroba yang menguntungkan adalah plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Di dalam kelompok ini ada Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Arthobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Streptomyces, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizonium, Frankia, dan Thiobacillus. “Manfaat mereka bisa dinikmati berbagai tanaman, seperti sereal, kacang polong, buah-buahan, sayuran, herba, dan tanaman ornamental,” tutur Wani, dalam 5th Asian PGPR International Conference For Sustainable Agriculture di Bogor, kemarin. Salah satu industri yang sudah merasakan manfaat rizobakteri ini adalah perkebunan nanas milik Great Giant Pineapple (GGP) di Lampung. GGP memiliki lanas seluas 30.000 hektare dan 19.000 hektare di antaranya didedikasikan untuk nanas Cayenne. Saat presentasi, tim dari GGP mengatakan pihaknya memproses 500.000 ton lebih nanas setiap tahun dan mengekspor 11.000 kontainer nanas kaleng dan jus konsentrat ke lebih dari 60 negara. Selain menerapkan program Zero Waste, mereka juga mengubah sampah menjadi energi dengan cara menghasilkan biogas yang bisa menggantikan 10 persen bahan bakar batubara. Tapi itu utama mereka adalah mempertahankan kualitas dan kesehatan tanah. Sehingga GGP mengadopsi teknologi canggih untuk menghasilkan Liquid Organic Bio-Fertilizer (LOB), dengan cara mengisolasi dan menyaring bakteri dari perkebunan nanas sendiri. Dengan sistem daur ulang ini, sejak 2010, teknologi ini telah menghasilkan 4,1 juta liter LOB dan pada 2020 diproyeksikan di atas 10 juta liter.
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