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Mengenal Gosong, ‘Pulau’ Pasir di Laut yang Jadi Favorit Wisatawan Gusung Sanggalau adalah salah satu destinasi ‘wajib’ saat mengunjungi Pulau Derawan, Kalimantan Timur. Gundukan pasir putih itu memanjang bagai jembatan dan hanya muncul saat air laut sedang surut. Gusung Sanggalau sebenarnya adalah fenomena alam yang disebut gosong dan cukup banyak jumlahnya di Indonesia.
Karena muncul di tengah laut, banyak yang menyebut gundukan pasir itu sebagai pulau. Kedalamannya kurang dari 6 meter. Bahkan, banyak gosong yang terendam dalam permukaan laut atau hanya terlihat sebagian.
Gosong terbentuk dari pergerakan ombak yang menghanyutkan material pasir dari bibir pantai. Pasir itu kemudian mengikuti arus ombak yang teratur dan lama-kelamaan tersedimentasi. Jadilah gundukan pasir yang disebut gosong.
Bentuknya sempit dan memanjang mulai beberapa meter hingga ratusan kilometer. Gosong juga kerapkali menghubungkan dua tanjung seperti jembatan. Teluk di antara dua tanjung itu akhirnya menjadi laguna karena aksesnya ke laut lepas terbuntu oleh gosong.
Tak hanya pasir yang dapat dibawa oleh ombak. Semakin besar suatu ombak, semakin banyak material yang bisa dihanyutkannya. Ombak bisa membawa batuan dan endapan lumpur. Oleh karena itu, bagian paling dasar gosong biasanya berupa material yang lebih berat seperti kerikil.
Menariknya, gosong dapat menjadi spot yang menawan bagi wisatawan. Kamu bisa berjalan di atas gundukan pasir yang memanjang, sedangkan kanan-kirimu adalah laut biru. Pulau kecil itu serasa milikmu sendiri.
Dilansir Hunker, di luar keindahan yang ditawarkannya, gosong cukup berbahaya bagi pelayar dan nelayan. Mereka bisa saja menabrak gosong yang tidak tampak dari permukaan sehingga kapalnya terdampar. Menabrak gosong bisa sama bahayanya dengan menghantam terumbu karang yang besar.
Jika sudah begitu, pelayar harus menunggu air laut pasang agar kapalnya dapat kembali bergerak. Belum lagi risiko kapal rusak saat menabrak gosong.
Oleh karena itu, pelayar harus berhati-hati untuk menavigasi kapalnya dan hafal di mana letak gosong biasanya terbentuk agar dapat menghindarinya.
Gosong tak hanya dapat terbentuk di laut, melainkan di danau, dan sungai yang memiliki arus. Tidak semua gosong menjadi permanen, tetapi ada pula yang berpotensi membentuk delta.