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Studi: Mobil Listrik Malah Hasilkan Polusi Lebih Besar di China Mobil listrik datang ke dunia dengan janji untuk mengurangi polusi udara --dalam hal ini emisi gas buangan dari kendaraan. Salah satu negara yang terdepan dan mendorong teknologi ini adalah China.
Pemerintah China bahkan melakukan upaya yang tidak main-main untuk mendorong Negeri Tirai Bambu menjadi pemimpin di industri kendaraan listrik. Mereka menawarkan subsidi yang tidak kecil agar para produsen mobil dan konsumen tertarik memproduksi dan menggunakan mobil listrik. Celakanya, China sekarang dihadapkan dengan sebuah hasil studi yang justru menunjukkan fakta sebaliknya.
MengutipThe Financial Times , Scott Kennedy dari Center for Strategic and International Studies yang berpusat di Washington DC, Amerika Serikat, kalau beralih menggunakan kendaraan listrik tidak lantas mengeliminasi penggunaan bahan bakar fosil. Hal ini disebabkan karena untuk mengisi daya --ke baterai-- pada mobil listrik diperlukan energi listrik yang datangnya dari pembangkit. Sedangkan kebanyakan pembangikit listrik di China masih memanfaatkan batu bara. Sehingga mobil listrik di China dianggap hanya memindahkan polusi udara dari jalanan raya ke pusat pembangkit listrik.
China sendiri memang diketahui sedang mendorong penggunaan sumber energi yang lebih hijau dalam beberapa tahun belakangan, namun di sisi lain batu bara masih memegang proporsi yang cukup besar untuk produksi energi listrik. Artinya saat melakukan pengisian daya pada baterai, pembakaran karbon juga terjadi --yang terkadang lebih besar jumlahnya daripada yang dihasilkan kendaraan bensin pada jarak tertentu.
Ironisnya, sebuah jurnal dari Institut Riset Transportasi, University of Michigan menemukan bahwa kendaraan dengan bahan bakar konvensional yang konsumsi bahan bakarnya kurang dari 14,3 km/liter lebih ramah lingkungan dibanding kendaraan elektrik dari China.
Riset lain dari Harvard University dan Tsinghua University yang ada di Beijing menunjukkan kalau produksi mobil berbasis listrik di China (hybrid ,plug-in hybrid , listirik berbasis baterai, dan mobil hidrogen) menghasilkan 50 persen emisi gas rumah kaca yang lebih besar dibanding kendaraan konvensional.
(Lalu bagaimana dengan Indonesia? Sudah siapkah Indonesia dengan kehadiran kendaraan listrik bersama infrastrukturnya? Simak di topik mobil listrik)
Meski fakta tentang polusi udara yang satu ini mungkin tidak sesuai harapan, namun setidaknya China berhasil menghentikan laju pertumbuhan konsumsi bensin di negara mereka yang mayoritas masih diimpor. Tidak heran kalau kemudian banyak orang yang beranggapan kalau motif China menghadirkan mobil listrik lebih untuk manfaat ekonomis --mengurangi impor bensin-- ketimbang untuk lingkungan yang lebih hijau.