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NASA Buat Teleskop Pemburu Planet Alien NASA kini tengah mempersiapkanteleskop ruang angkasa untuk berburu planetalien yang diberi nama 'Starshade'. Pesawat itu dirancang menggunakan teleskop dan pesawat ruang angkasa yang akan terbang sekitar 25 ribu mil atau 400 ribu kilometer. Pesawat Starshade ini dilengkapi dengan tutupan besar yang datar dan digunakan untuk menghalangi cahaya bintang. Tutupan ini serupa dengan bunga yang sedang mekar dan menghalangi cahaya bintang. Sehingga teleksop itu bisa mendapat tampilan orbit planet yang lebih jelas. "Jarak yang kita bicarakan untuk teknologi Starshade ini agak sulit untuk dibayangkan. Jika Starshade diperkecil maka teleskop akan berukuran seperti penghapus pensil dan akan dipisahkan dengan jarak 100 kilometer (dengan penutupnya)," terang Teknisi Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) NASA, Michael Bottom dikutip dari laman resmiNASA , Rabu (12/6).
"Sekarang bayangkan kedua benda itu [teleskop dan pesawat ruang angkasa] mengambang bebas dan keduanya sama-sama mengalami tarikan dan dorongan kecil dari gravitasi. Kami berusaha menjaga keduanya agar tetap sejajar dengan pergeseran hanya 2 milimeter." Dibuatnya Starshade berangkat dari temuan para peneliti yang menemukan ribuan eksoplanet namun belum ada peneliti NASA belum sempat meninjau temuan eksoplanet tersebut lebih jauh. Metode pemblokiran cahaya bintang merupakan kunci untuk melakukan penglihatan eksoplanet guna melakukan studi mendalam terkait atmosfer planet. Studi semacam itu memiliki potensi untuk mengungkapkan tanda-tanda kehidupan di luar Bumi.
Sebetulnya gagasan membuat Starshade telah diusulkan pada 1960-an. Para peneliti yang berkerja pada pengembangan teknologi Starshade disebut tim S5, yang bertugas untuk mengatasi tiga kesenjangan teknologi yang perlu diselesaikan sebelum misi Starshade siap untuk pergi ke luar angkasa. Starshade bakal disematkan Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFIRST), sebuah teleskop dengan cermin primer berdiameter 2,4 meter. WFIRST akan membawa teknologi pemblokiran cahaya bintang yang disebut coronagraph. Teknologi Starshade dan coronagraph bekerja secara terpisah namun Bottom mengatakan WFIRST dapat mendeteksi keberadaan Starshade jika di luar jangkauan akibat cahaya bintang yang membentuk pola terang dan gelap di bagian depan teleskop.
Kendati demikian, misi Starshade belum sepenuhnya disetujui. Namun NASA hanya butuh menyelesaikan satu persyaratan yakni terkait formasi penerbangan agar proyek tersebut layak untuk diluncurkan ke luar angkasa. "Bagi saya, suatu contoh yang bagus tentang bagaimana teknologi ruang angkasa menjadi semakin luar biasa. Kami menggunakan formasi terbang di ruang angkasa tiap kali sebuah kapsul berlabuh di Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional," kata Manajer Kegiatan Pengembangan Teknologi Starshade NASA, Phil Willems.
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