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NASA Kirimkan 20 Tikus Ke Luar Angkasa, Buat Apa? Pesawat luar angkasa SpaceX Dragon meluncur dari Florida menuju Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional (ISS) yang mengangkut 20 ekor tikus, belum lama ini. Ada apa?
Ternyata, tikus-tikus ini adalah bahan uji coba dan bagian dari penelitian oleh Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology (CSCB) Universitas Northwestern. Rencananya, sepuluh dari tikus-tikus itu akan ditinggalkan di ruang angkasa selama tiga bulan sementara sepuluh lainnya akan tinggal di stasiun selama 30 hari.
Penelitian NASA ini dipimpin oleh ahli neurobiologi Fred Turek dan Martha Vitaterna. Dilansir dariBusiness Insider , para peneliti nantinya akan melihat bagaimana ruang angkasa mempengaruhi ritme sirkadian (proses biologis yang terjadi dalam siklus 24 jam), mikrobioma (bakteri dan mikroorganisme lain yang hidup di dalam tubuh), dan proses fisiologis lainnya pada tikus-tikus ini.
Secara khusus, para peneliti berharap untuk belajar lebih banyak tentang bagaimana mikrobioma tikus dipengaruhi oleh perjalanan ruang angkasa dan kehidupan di ISS.
20 ekor tikus yang dikirim ke ISS ini memiliki saudara kandung identik yang akan menetap di Bumi. Di sana mereka akan mengalami kondisi yang sama persis dengan saudara kandung mereka di luar angkasa, seperti mendapat pencahayaan, suhu dan aktivitas yang sama.
Setiap dua minggu, astronot di ISS dan ilmuwan di Bumi akan mengambil sampel kotoran dari semua tikus untuk membandingkan kotoran mereka. Rupanya, NASA sempat melakukan studi yang mirip, bahkan dengan manusia secara langsung.
Astronot Amerika Serikat Scott Kelly dikabarkan menghabiskan waktu selama satu tahun di ISS, sementara saudara kembar identiknya, Mark Kelly tinggal di Bumi. Awal tahun ini, NASA merilis temuan awal studi tersebut bahwa mereka mencatat ruang angkasa telah memengaruhi 7 persen gen Scott Kelly.
Meskipun tikus dan manusia berbeda secara biologis, tetapi diharapkan replikasi kondisi yang hampir pasti ini akan memberikan laporan studi yang lebih akurat tentang dampak ruang angkasa pada tubuh makhluk hidup. Studi tikus ini juga merupakan langkah awal dari perjalanan manusia ke Mars, mengingat ada segudang resiko kesehatan terkait paparan ruang angkasa saat berangkat ke Mars.
Tetapi sejauh ini, umat manusia tidak benar-benar tahu bagaimana waktu yang lama di ruang angkasa dapat mempengaruhi tubuh manusia. Para ilmuwan berharap bahwa akan ada informasi baru tentang bagaimana usus tikus mengalami perubahan di ruang angkasa dan menginformasikan perawatan di masa depan yang akan mereka berikan kepada astronot atau bahkan orang-orang di Bumi.
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