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Panduan memahami istilah gula dan pemanis buatan Saat ini terdapat beragam jenis gula alami dan pemanis buatan yang memiliki tingkat manis dan jumlah kalori yang beragam. Bila Anda ingin tahu apakah dan bagaimana makanan tertentu telah dimaniskan, bacalah daftar bahan dan label fakta nutrisi. Perhatikan juga kadar gulanya. Jika kadar gula merupakan daftar pertama, ada banyak hal yang mesti diperhatikan. Berikut ini ringkasan beberapa bahan pemanis dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap tubuh, menurut laporan dpa, Senin.Sukrosa Nama kimia dari gula meja, kata Philip Prinz, kepala divisi ilmu gizi WVZ, badan pusat industri gula Jerman. Sukrosa sering berasal dari gula bit atau tebu. Sukrosa adalah disakarida -- terdiri dua molekul gula sederhana (monosakarida) -- glukosa, yang ditemukan dalam banyak karbohidrat dan sumber energi penting dalam organisme hidup, dan fruktosa, ditemukan dalam banyak buah dan sayuran. Karena hanya memiliki dua komponen, sukrosa dipecah dan memasuki aliran darah dengan cepat. Tubuh menyerap glukosa dengan mudah, kata ahli gizi Armin Valet. "Selain insulin, glukosa memicu pelepasan hormon usus yang membuat Anda gemuk," kata endorkinolog Andreas Pfeiffer. Maltosa Paling sering ditemukan dalam pembuatan bir, maltosa adalah gula utama dalamwort dan berasal dari pemecahan pati selama proses menumbuk. Seperti sukrosa, ini adalah disakarida, kata Valet. "Tapi itu hanya agak manis dari sukrosa," tambah Prinz. ,menjelaskan bahwa maltosa menyebabkan kadar gula darah naik lebih cepat dari sukrosa. Sirup glukosa-fruktosa Ada sirup glukosa-fruktosa dan fruktosa-glukosa sirup, yang juga disebut isoglukosa. Sirup pertama mengandung glukosa lebih dari 50 persen, dan yang terakhir kurang dari 50 persen (rasio glukosa-fruktosa adalah 50-50). Sirup tersebut terbuat dari jagung atau biji-bijian lain, kata Prinz. Begitu juga sirup glukosa, terutama digunakan dalam kembang gula, juru bicara untuk Asosiasi Pemanis yang berbasis di Cologne, Anja Krumbe.Aspartam, steviol glikosida, dan natrium siklamat Ketiganya adalah pemanis buatan dan jauh lebih manis daripada sukrosa. Mereka memiliki sedikit atau tanpa kalori dan tidak berdampak pada tingkat gula darah, kendati makanan yang mengandung pemanis buatan ini rasanya sama manisnya atau lebih manis daripada yang mengandung sukrosa, kata Valet. Aspartam adalah senyawa kimia yang dibuat dengan menggabungkan dua asam amino, blok pembangun protein. Meskipun aspartam telah lama dianggap meningkatkan risiko kanker, tidak ada bukti ilmiah yang ditemukan untuk mendukung hal ini, kata Pfeiffer. Steviol glikosida berasal dari tanaman stevia, anggota keluarga aster dan berasal dari Paraguay. Mereka bukan pemanis alami, tapi aditif yang diproduksi secara kimia. "Mereka bisa memiliki rasa manis seperti minuman keras atau menthol," kata Krumbe yang membeberkan kelemahan pemanis ini. Natrium siklamat bisa 30 hingga 50 kali lebih manis dibanding sukrosa, yang biasanya digunakan bersama sakarin buatan, demikian dpa.Baca juga:Akibat buruk asupan glukosa tak pas saat sarapan Baca juga:Waspadai diabetes pada anak Baca juga:Terlalu banyak gula memicu anak berperilaku buruk Baca juga:Pemanis buatan bisa racuni mikroba usus pencernaan