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Pempek, Wujud Nyata Kekayaan Laut Nusantara pada 5 tahun lalu - byTim Layaknya bakso, siomay, dan ketoprak,pempek pun jadi primadona jajanan di Jakarta dan kota-kota lain di Indonesia. Belum lama ini di 'negeri' asalnya, Palembang, jajan pempek dikenakan pajak restoran. Mulai Senin (8/7), Pemerintah Kota Palembang memberlakukan pungutan pajak restoran sebesar 10 persen. Pajak berlaku tak cuma untuk restoran, tapi juga warung kaki lima. Aturan pajak dilakukan demi memantau pendapatan usaha, sekaligus memaksimalkan penyerapan pajak sektor restoran. Kendati demikian, pempek tak akan kehilangan pamornya selama lautan Indonesia masih kaya ikan. Pakar kuliner dan pangan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Profesor Murdijati Gardjito mengatakan, berlimpahnya ikan menginspirasi terciptanya pempek.
Berdasarkan cerita yang berkembang dari mulut ke mulut warga Palembang, pempek pertama kali dikenal pada 1617. Kehadiran pempek didorong oleh banyaknya pedagang-pedagang China yang bertandang ke Palembang. Kala itu, Palembang merupakan kota pelabuhan tua, tempat di mana kapal-kapal pedagang China berhenti. Teknologi navigasi kapal belum secanggih sekarang, hingga para pedagang kerap harus menunggu arah angin berubah untuk beranjak. Pemberhentian di Palembang pun tak jarang harus memakan waktu lama. "Dia [pedagang China] mengamati bahwa ikan di situ melimpah. Dia memanfaatkan ikan jenis tertentu, ikan belida," kata Murdijati saat dihubungiCNNIndonesia.com , Jumat (12/7).
Ikan belida, lanjut dia, kemudian ditumbuk dan diuleni (dicampur) dengan tepung tapioka. Jika diuleni, dikukus, kemudian digoreng, adonan bisa mengembang. Sedangkan ketika adonan diuleni dan langsung digoreng, hasilnya seperti empek-empek atau pempek. Nama pempek sendiri diambil dari kata 'apek', panggilan akrab bagi pria Tionghoa. Saat olahan ikan ini dijual, warga memanggilnya dengan 'pek.. pek..'. "Lama-lama jadi nama makanannya. Orang jadi menamakannya dengan pempek," kata dia.Tersebar ke seluruh Indonesia Pada perkembangannya, ikan belida dirasa mahal sehingga diganti dengan ikan gabus yang harganya murah. Namun, hal itu tak mengganti rasa nikmat pempek yang kian tersebar ke penjuru Indonesia. Persebaran pempek, kata Murdijati, utamanya terasa pada wilayah-wilayah Indonesia yang kaya akan hasil laut. Murdijati menduga, penyebaran pempek ke wilayah luar Palembang juga dipengaruhi oleh eksistensi pedagang China. Para pedagang China, lanjutnya, memiliki intuisi cemerlang soal bisnis.
"Cara apapun dipikirkan untuk mendayagunakan sumber yang ada. Ikan di Indonesia melimpah. Lalu pada zaman VOC, kan, wilayah Hindia Timur mengekspor tapioka. Tapioka, kan, murah," ujarnya. Bahan-bahan yang murah ini pun diolah jadi pangan yang mengenyangkan. Tak hanya sebagai kudapan, tapi juga makanan sepinggan lengkap. Pempek diiris-iris, diletakkan dalam mangkuk, dan disiram kuah cuko. Kuah cuko terbuat dari air gula kelapa, air asam Jawa, cuka, bawang putih, dan irisan mentimun. Rasa asam, manis, pedas, dan gurih ini digemari oleh orang-orang di seantero Nusantara. Di kampung halamannya sendiri, kuah cuko beraneka ragam. Beberapa menggunakan bumbu dari bengkuang kering yang dihancurkan dan diasinkan. Ada pula yang menggunakan ebi atau menambahkan kepala ikan hingga kuah lebih terasa gurih.[Gambas:Video CNN]
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