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Penjelasan Ilmiah soal Salju di Gurun Sahara "Snow on Sahara" kini bukan lagi sekadar judul lagu dari Anggun C. Sasmi. Pada Hari Minggu (6/1), dilaporkan bahwa bagian dari Gurun Sahara yang ada di Ain Sefra, Algeria, ditutupi oleh salju akibat adanya badai salju.
Pasir yang biasanya menutupi gurun kini berubah menjadi salju setebal 40 sentimeter. Meski umur saljunya singkat, yaitu hanya semalam, anak-anak yang melihat kejadian langka tersebut menyambutnya dengan antusias.
Dalam kurun waktu 40 tahun, sudah 3 kali Sahara ditutupi salju. Salju pernah turun di Sahara pada tahun 1979, 2016, dan 2017.
Selain itu, dikarenakan perbedaan suhu yang sangat ekstrem, salju akan cepat mencair. Salju kali ini langsung mencair di siang hari ketika suhu mencapai 42 derajat Celcius.
Salju yang turun di Sahara ternyata dikarenakan tekanan tinggi dari cuaca di Eropa yang membawa udara dingin ke Afrika Utara dan melalui Sahara. Ain Sefra sendiri berada di wilayah Pegunungan Atlas di ketinggian 999,7 meter. Karena itu, Ain Sefra pun terkena badai salju.
Fenomena ini juga menyebabkan 'bomb cyclone' yang menimpa Pantai Timur Amerika Serikat.
Tervor Nace, ahli Geologi dari Duke University, dilansir Forbes, memprediksi kalau Sahara akan mengalami perubahan cuaca, dari kering menjadi lembab.
Sekitar 15.000 sampai 5.000 tahun yang lalu, Sahara dan bagian lain Afrika Utara bukan berbentuk gurun kering seperti sekarang. Pada masa yang dikenal sebagai African Humid Period tersebut, wilayah yang kini menjadi Gurun Sahara berbentuk seperti danau raksasa dan menjadi sumber kehidupan bagi manusia, tumbuh-tumbuhan, dan hewan-hewan.
Sekitar 5.500 tahun yang lalu, Afrika bagian utara berubah dan menjadi kering, sehingga lahan yang dulu subur berubah menjadi gurun kering dan tandus. Sampai saat ini, para ahli masih mencari tahu, mengapa Afrika bagian utara bisa mengalami perubahan drastis seperti itu.