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Penyebab Perempuan Lebih Rentan Hipertensi Tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi merupakan bibit dari segala penyakit. Stroke, gagal jantung, gangguan fungsi ginjal hingga demensia, merupakan beberapa penyakit yang diakibatkan dari tekanan darah tinggi. Data Riskesdas 2013 mencatat, prevalensi penderita hipertensi di Indonesia di atas usia 65 tahun lebih banyak dialami kaum hawa yakni sebesar 28.8 persen dibandingkan laki-laki 22.8 persen. Apa penyebabnya? Menurut Pakar Hipertensi & Pendiri InaSHdr, dr. Arieska Ann Soenarta, SpJP, FIHA, seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, peningkatan tekanan darah merupakan hal yang wajar. Namun saat memasuki menopause, penurunan hormon estrogen yang dialami perempuan akan meningkatkan risiko hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi. "Jadi perempuan ketika berhenti menstruasi maka hormon estrogen berkurang drastis. Hal ini bisa merusak sel-sel endotel sehingga memicu terjadinya plak di pembuluh darah," ujar dia pada temu media '11th Scientific Meeting of Indonesian Society of Hypertension' di Jakarta, Kamis (23/2/2017). Arieska menambahkan adanya plak di pembuluh darah dapat memicu tekanan darah tinggi yang menjadi penyebab penyakit jantung hingga stroke. Sedangkan pada lelaki, penurunan hormon testosteron tak memberi dampak berarti pada risiko tekanan darah tinggi, kecuali jika disertai dengan kebiasaan hidup tak sehat, obesitas dan merokok. "Pada usia dewasa muda, hipertensi lebih banyak terjadi pada lelaki, namun ketika di atas usia 50 tahun, insiden hipertensi pada kaum hawa meningkat lebih cepat bahkan prevalensinya bisa mencapai 60 persen karena faktor hormon estrogen yang berkurang," tambah dia. Selain itu, kata Arieska, kehamilan yang dialami perempuan juga bisa memicu hipertensi. Kasus hipertensi selama kehamilan dapat mencapai 7-9 persen dengan tingkat tekanan darah di atas 140/90 mmHg. "Biasanya hipertensi saat kehamilan terjadi pada perempuan yang hamil saat usia muda (remaja), atau hamil di atas usia 40 tahun. Hal ini sangat berisiko. Sedangkan laki-laki tidak mengalaminya," terangnya. Penanganan hipertensi sendiri, tambah dia, bisa dilakukan dengan mengubah pola hidup, membatasi konsumsi garam, mengonsumsi obat-obatan anti hipertensi dan melakukan aktivitas fisik secara teratur.
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