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Mars Ternyata Lebih Mematikan dari Yang Dikira Sebelumnya Peluang untuk menemukan kehidupan di Planet Mars, setidaknya di permukaannya, tampaknya semakin tipis setelah sebuah penelitian yang diumumkan pada Kamis (6/7/2017) menunjukkan bahwa mineral garam pada Planet Merah itu bisa membasmi organisme hidup. Dalam sebuah eksperimen laboratorium yang digelar di Bumi, diketahui bahwa garam perklorat yang banyak ditemukan di permukaan Mars justru membunuh bakteri-bakteri Bacillus subtilis, salah satu bentuk kehidupan paling sederhana di Bumi. Garam perklorat diketahui stabil jika terpapar suhu kamar dan menjadi aktif jika terpapar panas. Ada pun Mars memiliki suhu sangat dingin. Dalam studi itu, Jennifer Wadsworth dan Charles Cockell dari Edinburgh University, Skotlandia menemukan bahwa garam perklorat rupanya bisa aktif jika terpapar sinar ultraviolet, meski tidak terpapar panas. Mars sendiri, yang tak memiliki lapisan ozon seperti Bumi, ketahui terpapar oleh sinar ultraviolet yang dipancarkan oleh Matahari. Alhasil garam perklorat bisa membunuh bakteri-bakteri itu dalam hitungan menit dan itu artinya peluang untuk hidup di permukaan Mars tidak sebesar yang dikira para ilmuwan sebelumnya. "Jika kita ingin mencari kehidupan di Mars, maka temuan ini harus diperhitungkan," kata Wadsworth kepada AFP. Garam perklorat bisa ditemukan di Bumi, tetapi jumlahnya jauh lebih banyak di permukaan Mars. Mineral itu pertama kali ditemukan oleh Phoenix Lander, sebuah robot peneliti badan antariksa AS (NASA) di Mars pada 2008. Meski demikian, Wadsworth mengingatkan bahwa temuannya itu tak berarti semua jenis kehidupan tak bisa bertahan hidup di Mars. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahuinya.
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