')}.amp-carousel-button-prev{background-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,Previous ')}.ampstart-dropdown{min-width:200px}.ampstart-dropdown.absolute{z-index:100}.ampstart-dropdown.absolute>section,.ampstart-dropdown.absolute>section>header{height:100%}.ampstart-dropdown>section>header{background-color:#000;border:0;color:#fff}.ampstart-dropdown>section>header:after{display:inline-block;content:"+";padding:0 0 0 1.5rem;color:#003f93}.ampstart-dropdown>[expanded]>header:after{content:"�"}.absolute .ampstart-dropdown-items{z-index:200}.ampstart-dropdown-item{background-color:#000;color:#003f93;opacity:.9}.ampstart-dropdown-item:active,.ampstart-dropdown-item:hover{opacity:1}.ampstart-footer .ampstart-icon{fill:#000}.ampstart-footer .ampstart-social-follow li:last-child{margin-right:0}.ampstart-image-fullpage-hero{color:#fff}.ampstart-fullpage-hero-heading-text,.ampstart-image-fullpage-hero .ampstart-image-credit{-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background:#000;padding:0 1rem .2rem}.ampstart-image-fullpage-hero>amp-img{max-height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem)}.ampstart-image-fullpage-hero>amp-img img{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.ampstart-fullpage-hero-heading{line-height:3.5rem}.ampstart-fullpage-hero-cta{background:transparent}.ampstart-readmore{background:-webkit-linear-gradient(bottom,rgba(0,0,0,.65),transparent);background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.65),transparent);color:#fff;margin-top:5rem;padding-bottom:3.5rem}.ampstart-readmore:after{display:block;content:"?";font-size:2rem}.ampstart-readmore-text{background:#000}@media (min-width:52.06rem){.ampstart-image-fullpage-hero>amp-img{height:60vh}}.ampstart-image-heading{color:#fff;background:-webkit-linear-gradient(bottom,rgba(0,0,0,.65),transparent);background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.65),transparent)}.ampstart-image-heading>*{margin:0}amp-carousel .ampstart-image-with-heading{margin-bottom:0}.ampstart-image-with-caption figcaption{color:#4f4f4f;line-height:1.125rem}amp-carousel .ampstart-image-with-caption{margin-bottom:0}.ampstart-input{max-width:100%;width:300px;min-width:100px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem}.ampstart-input [disabled],.ampstart-input [disabled]+label{opacity:.5}.ampstart-input [disabled]:focus{outline:0}.ampstart-input>input,.ampstart-input>select,.ampstart-input>textarea{width:100%;margin-top:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;border:0;border-radius:0;border-bottom:1px solid #4a4a4a;background:none;color:#4a4a4a;outline:0}.ampstart-input>label{color:#003f93;pointer-events:none;text-align:left;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1rem;opacity:0;-webkit-animation:.2s;animation:.2s;-webkit-animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);-webkit-animation-fill-mode:forwards;animation-fill-mode:forwards}.ampstart-input>input:focus,.ampstart-input>select:focus,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus{outline:0}.ampstart-input>input:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder,.ampstart-input>select:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input:focus::-moz-placeholder,.ampstart-input>select:focus::-moz-placeholder,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input:focus:-ms-input-placeholder,.ampstart-input>select:focus:-ms-input-placeholder,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus:-ms-input-placeholder{color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input:focus::placeholder,.ampstart-input>select:focus::placeholder,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus::placeholder{color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input:not(:placeholder-shown):not([disabled])+label,.ampstart-input>select:not(:placeholder-shown):not([disabled])+label,.ampstart-input>textarea:not(:placeholder-shown):not([disabled])+label{opacity:1}.ampstart-input>input:focus+label,.ampstart-input>select:focus+label,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus+label{-webkit-animation-name:a;animation-name:a}@-webkit-keyframes a{to{opacity:1}}.ampstart-input>label:after{content:"";height:2px;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:45%;background:#003f93;-webkit-transition:.2s;transition:.2s;-webkit-transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);visibility:hidden;width:10px}.ampstart-input>input:focus+label:after,.ampstart-input>select:focus+label:after,.ampstart-input>textarea:focus+label:after{left:0;width:100%;visibility:visible}.ampstart-input>input[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none}.ampstart-input>input[type=range]{border-bottom:0}.ampstart-input>input[type=range]+label:after{display:none}.ampstart-input>select{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none}.ampstart-input>select+label:before{content:"?";line-height:1.5rem;position:absolute;right:5px;zoom:2;top:0;bottom:0;color:#003f93}.ampstart-input-chk,.ampstart-input-radio{width:auto;color:#4a4a4a}.ampstart-input input[type=checkbox],.ampstart-input input[type=radio]{margin-top:0;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;width:20px;height:20px;border:1px solid #003f93;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:.5rem;text-align:center}.ampstart-input input[type=radio]{border-radius:20px}.ampstart-input input[type=checkbox]:not([disabled])+label,.ampstart-input input[type=radio]:not([disabled])+label{pointer-events:auto;-webkit-animation:none;animation:none;vertical-align:middle;opacity:1;cursor:pointer}.ampstart-input input[type=checkbox]+label:after,.ampstart-input input[type=radio]+label:after{display:none}.ampstart-input input[type=checkbox]:after,.ampstart-input input[type=radio]:after{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;content:" ";line-height:1.4rem;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;background-color:#fff}.ampstart-input input[type=checkbox]:checked:after{background-color:#003f93;color:#fff;content:"?"}.ampstart-input input[type=radio]:checked{background-color:#fff}.ampstart-input input[type=radio]:after{top:3px;bottom:3px;left:3px;right:3px;border-radius:12px}.ampstart-input input[type=radio]:checked:after{content:"";font-size:3rem;background-color:#003f93}.ampstart-input>label,_:-ms-lang(x){opacity:1}.ampstart-input>input:-ms-input-placeholder,_:-ms-lang(x){color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input::placeholder,_:-ms-lang(x){color:transparent}.ampstart-input>input::-ms-input-placeholder,_:-ms-lang(x){color:transparent}.ampstart-input>select::-ms-expand{display:none}.ampstart-headerbar{background-color:#fff;color:#000;z-index:999;box-shadow:0 0 5px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.ampstart-headerbar+:not(amp-sidebar),.ampstart-headerbar+amp-sidebar+*{margin-top:3.5rem}.ampstart-headerbar-nav .ampstart-nav-item{padding:0 1rem;background:transparent;opacity:.8}.ampstart-headerbar-nav{line-height:3.5rem}.ampstart-nav-item:active,.ampstart-nav-item:focus,.ampstart-nav-item:hover{opacity:1}.ampstart-navbar-trigger:focus{outline:none}.ampstart-nav a,.ampstart-navbar-trigger,.ampstart-sidebar-faq a{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none}.ampstart-nav .ampstart-label{color:inherit}.ampstart-navbar-trigger{line-height:3.5rem;font-size:2rem}.ampstart-headerbar-nav{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}.ampstart-nav-search{-webkit-box-flex:0.5;-ms-flex-positive:0.5;flex-grow:0.5}.ampstart-headerbar .ampstart-nav-search:active,.ampstart-headerbar .ampstart-nav-search:focus,.ampstart-headerbar .ampstart-nav-search:hover{box-shadow:none}.ampstart-nav-search>input{border:none;border-radius:3px;line-height:normal}.ampstart-nav-dropdown{min-width:200px}.ampstart-nav-dropdown amp-accordion header{background-color:#fff;border:none}.ampstart-nav-dropdown amp-accordion ul{background-color:#fff}.ampstart-nav-dropdown .ampstart-dropdown-item,.ampstart-nav-dropdown .ampstart-dropdown>section>header{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.ampstart-nav-dropdown .ampstart-dropdown-item{color:#003f93}.ampstart-sidebar{background-color:#fff;color:#000;min-width:300px;width:300px}.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-icon{fill:#003f93}.ampstart-sidebar-header{line-height:3.5rem;min-height:3.5rem}.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-dropdown header,.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-dropdown-item,.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-faq-item,.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-nav-item,.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-social-follow{margin:0 0 1.5rem}.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-nav-dropdown{margin:0}.ampstart-sidebar .ampstart-navbar-trigger{line-height:inherit}.ampstart-navbar-trigger svg{pointer-events:none}.ampstart-related-article-section{border-color:#4a4a4a}.ampstart-related-article-section .ampstart-heading{color:#4a4a4a;font-weight:400}.ampstart-related-article-readmore{color:#000;letter-spacing:0}.ampstart-related-section-items>li{border-bottom:1px solid #4a4a4a}.ampstart-related-section-items>li:last-child{border:none}.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:0}.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>amp-img,.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>figcaption{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>figcaption{padding-left:1rem}@media (min-width:40.06rem){.ampstart-related-section-items>li{border:none}.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>figcaption{padding:1rem 0}.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>amp-img,.ampstart-related-section-items .ampstart-image-with-caption>figcaption{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%}}.ampstart-social-box{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.ampstart-social-box>amp-social-share{background-color:#000}.ampstart-icon{fill:#003f93}.ampstart-input{width:100%}main .ampstart-social-follow{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:315px}main .ampstart-social-follow li{-webkit-transform:scale(1.8);transform:scale(1.8)}h1+.ampstart-byline time{font-size:18px;font-weight:400}.ampstart-subtitle{text-transform:uppercase}.content-body iframe{max-width:100%}.margin-top-15{margin-top:15px}.margin-top-10{margin-top:10px}.text-red{color:red}.amp-social-share{font-size:14px;padding:5px;width:32%}amp-social-share{background-size:20px}.amp-social-list{position:absolute;bottom:30px}.followus{margin-top:-10px;font-weight:700}.box-artikel-terkait-images amp-img{width:80px;height:80px}.box-artikel-terkait{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:10px}.box-artikel-terkait-images{float:left}.box-artikel-terkait-images amp-img img{object-fit:cover}.box-artikel-terkait-description small{font-size:11px}.box-artikel-terkait-description p{font-weight:700;font-size:14px}.box-artikel-terkait a{text-decoration:none}.feature-images amp-img img{object-fit:cover}.ads{width:320px;height:auto;text-align:center;margin:70px auto auto}.ads-300{height:250px}.ads-300,.ads-600{width:300px;text-align:center;margin:10px auto auto}.ads-600{height:600px}footer{background-color:#fff}footer ul{margin:0;padding:0}footer a{color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;text-transform:none}footer li{list-style:none}.footer-copyright{color:#fff;font-size:14px;text-align:center;padding:10px;background-color:#1d1d1b}.feature-images-video{background-color:#000;padding:20px 0}.content-body p{margin:10px 0}.align-center-button{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-direction:row;width:100%}amp-web-push-widget .subscribe{display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;border-radius:2px;border:1px solid #007ae2;padding:6px 20px;font-size:12px;margin:15px 0 0;background:#0e82e5;color:#fff}amp-web-push-widget .subscribe,amp-web-push-widget .unsubscribe{cursor:pointer;outline:0;font-weight:400;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}amp-web-push-widget .unsubscribe{border-radius:2px;border:1px solid #b3b3b3;margin:0;padding:8px 15px;font-size:15px;background:#bdbdbd;color:#555}amp-web-push-widget .subscribe .subscribe-icon{margin-right:10px}amp-web-push-widget .subscribe:active{transform:scale(.99)}
Psikopat vs Sosiopat, Ini Bedanya Banyak orang mulai menggunakan istilah-istilah gangguan kepribadian seperti OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder ), manik, dan lainnya dalam obrolan sehari-hari. Hal ini berkaitan dengan mulai banyaknya penderita berbagai gangguan kepribadian yang terekspos di media, maupun dijadikan ide untuk film dan cerita.
Beberapa yang terkenal dari banyaknya istilah gangguan kepribadian adalah psikopat dan sosiopat. DalamDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), keduanya masuk dalam gangguan kepribadian yang sama yaituAntisocial Personality Disorder atau gangguan kepribadian antisosial.
Pengelompokkan ini dikarenakan adanya ciri yang sama di antara keduanya. Ciri tersebut antara lain adanya pengabaian hukum dan norma sosial, pengabaian hak orang lain, kegagalan untuk merasakan penyesalan atau rasa bersalah, dan kecenderungan menunjukkan kekerasan dalam perilaku.
Pada orang dengan gangguan kepribadian psikopat, penderita biasanya tidak bisa mengekspresikan keterkaitan emosional dengan sekitarnya seperti empati terhadap orang lain. Di sisi lain, penderita psikopat biasanya menawan sekaligus manipulatif, mereka cenderung memalsukan emosi padahal tidak merasakannya.
Penderita gangguan ini biasanya berpendidikan tinggi dan tak jarang memiliki pekerjaan tetap yang bonafit. Berbeda dengan penderita gangguan kepribadian sosiopat yang biasanya sulit menempuh pendidikan dan mempertahankan pekerjaan.
Kesulitan yang dialami penderita sosiopat tersebut ada kaitannya dengan sifat-sifat tertentu. Sifat tersebut adalah mudah tersinggung dan sering terlihat resah, serta mudah tersulut emosi.
Saat melakukan kejahatan, penderita gangguan psikopat biasanya akan merencanakan kejahatannya dengan detail dan bahkan memiliki rencana cadangan. Sedangkan penderita sosiopat akan terkesan terburu-buru dan berantakan.
Sebuah penelitian pada tahun 1990 menyatakan, perbedaan ini diakibatkan oleh perbedaan penyebab gangguan kepribadian itu sendiri. Gangguan kepribadian psikopat dipercaya merupakan akibat dari adanya variasi genetik, sedangkan sosiopat diakibatkan oleh pengaruh lingkungan –seperti trauma masa kecil dan kekerasan baik fisik maupun mental.
Dalam lingkungan, lebih sulit untuk mengenali orang dengan gangguan kepribadian psikopat daripada sosiopat, karena ciri tenang dan manipulatif yang dimilikinya. Untuk bisa mengetahui dengan pasti apakah seseorang memiliki gangguan kepribadian, perlu dilakukan wawancara medis yang mendalam dan berbagai pemeriksaan psikiatri oleh dokter yang kompeten.
(RH)
Baca Juga: