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Rakyat Indonesia Ikut Membuat Bumi Kelebihan Penduduk Butuh waktu ribuan tahun bagi populasi dunia mencapai 5 miliar orang pada 1987 lalu. Namun, sejak itu hanya butuh 32 tahun hingga jumlah penduduk global meroket mencapai 7,7 miliar orang pada 2019. Berdasarkan studi Biro Referensi Populasi (PRB) 2018, jumlah penduduk India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Republik Demokratik Kongo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Indonesia, Mesir, hingga Amerika Serikat, menjadi penyumbang terbesar populasi dunia. PRB mencatat populasi Indonesia yang kini mencapai 265 juta jiwa akan bertambah menjadi 320 juta jiwa pada 2050 mendatang. Sementara itu, badan tersebut memproyeksikan total pertumbuhan penduduk kesembilan negara tersebut akan menyumbang setengah dari total populasi global pada 2050 mendatang. Penduduk di bumi pada 2050 diperkirakan akan menyentuh angka 9,2 miliar.
Angka harapan hidup global juga diperkirakan akan meningkat dari 72,6 tahun menjadi 77,1 tahun pada 2050. Melonjaknya jumlah populasi tak lepas dari angka kelahiran tinggi di sejumlah negara, terutama di kawasan Afrika. Sepuluh negara dengan angka kelahiran tertinggi berasal dari benua tersebut seperti Niger, Chad, Republik Demokratik Kongo, Somalia, Angola, Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Burundi, dan Gambia. Sepuluh negara Afrika itu memiliki tingkat kelahiran 7,2 hingga 5,4 persen. DikutipCNN , ketika belahan dunia Afrika dan Asia sebagian besar mengalami pertumbuhan penduduk, populasi sekitar 27 negara malah terus menyusut 1 persen atau lebih sejak 2010. Hal itu disebabkan oleh angka kelahiran yang menurun drastis di negara-negara tersebut, terutama di Korea Selatan, Jepang, dan China.
PRB menuturkan 10 negara dengan angka kelahiran terendah terdiri dari Korsel, Singapura, Taiwan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Moldova, Spanyol, Italia, Yunani, Ukraina, dan Rumania. Angka kelahiran di negara-negara tersebut terdiri dari 1,1 persen hingga 1,4 persen saja. Sementara itu, fenomena unik lainnya juga terjadi yakni populasi dunia saat ini terus menua. Pada 2018, untuk pertama kalinya, jumlah penduduk global berusia 65 tahun ke atas melebihi jumlah penduduk anak di bawah umur lima tahun.
Hal ini, menurut PRB, terjadi karena angka harapan hidup yang meningkat, tapi angka kelahiran yang menurun. Artinya, orang-orang cenderung bereproduksi lebih sedikit dan juga berumur panjang. Fenomena ini disebut lambat laun bisa membahayakan perekonomian global karena itu artinya akan lebih sedikit generasi usia produktif dan lebih banyak lansia. Studi memaparkan satu dari empat orang yang tinggal di Eropa dan Amerika Utara berusia 65 tahun atau lebih pada 2050 mendatang.
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