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Sebelum Bayi Tabung, Coba Inseminasi Umumnya, pasangan suami-istri yang memiliki masalah kesuburan atau infertilitas sehingga sulit memiliki keturunan, datang ke dokter dengan niat menjalani program bayi tabung. Padahal program bayi tabung adalah jalan terakhir dari serangkaian terapi penanganan gangguan kesuburan.
Sebelumnya, ada terapi inseminasi atau teknologi reproduksi berbantu. Mekanisme terapi ini dijalankan dengan menyemprotkan sperma yang sudah diseleksi ke dalam rongga rahim pada masa subur. "Tujuannya ialah memperpendek jarak tempuh sperma untuk mencapai sel telur," kata dokter spesialis kebidanan dan kandungan Rumah Sakit Pondok Indah, Yassin Yanuar Mohammad, dalam seminar penanganan gangguan kesuburan dan inseminasi. Dia menjelaskan, inseminasi diberikan ke pasangan yang sudah menjalani terapi kesuburan lainnya, seperti pemberian obat pemicu sel telur, bedah kista, dan bedah saluran telur. Biasanya, usia menikah pasangan ini sudah di atas lima tahun. Sayangnya, faktor infertilitas sering baru ditangani ketika usia pasangan sudah di atas 41 tahun. Karena itu, wajarlah dalam konsultasi dokter menawarkan program bayi tabung. "Peluang keberhasilan inseminasi lebih tinggi bila ditangani lebih awal," ujar Yassin. Yassin menjelaskan, bila pasien datang pada usia lebih muda, dokter akan menyarankan inseminasi ketimbang bayi tabung. Alasannya, terapi inseminasi lebih murah dibanding bayi tabung, yang biayanya berkisar antara Rp 60 juta dan Rp 100 juta. Keberhasilan inseminasi, lanjut dia, ditentukan oleh faktor usia wanita, siklus alami atau stimulasi inseminasi, jumlah siklus inseminasi, ketepatan waktu, dan jumlah sperma yang mampu bergerak dengan tepat menuju sel telur. Inseminasi berpotensi gagal apabila usia calon ibu lebih dari 40 tahun. Sebab, kedua tuba ovarium biasanya sudah tersumbat. Faktor lainnya adalah cadangan ovarium yang rendah pada wanita dan gangguan sperma berat pada pria. Yassin berujar, teknologi baru inseminasi bisa membuat sperma tetap hidup hingga satu jam. Selain itu, jenis kelamin bayi dapat dipilih melalui pemilahan gen laki-laki atau perempuan. Inseminasi pun bisa dilakukan tiga-enam kali dengan tingkat keberhasilan 39-58 persen "Hampir sama dengan keberhasilan program bayi tabung, tapi dengan biaya yang lebih murah," kata dia. Persentase keberhasilan tersebut, Yassin menambahkan, didapat dari perbandingan dengan proses alami seorang wanita hamil setelah menikah. Data Klinik Fertilitas Endokrinologi dan Kandung Speroff L., Glass R., Kase N., menyebutkan, dari 200 pasangan menikah, hanya 30 persen yang mendapat kehamilan pada bulan pertama. Sisanya, kehamilan didapat pada bulan kedua hingga ke-12. "Sehingga di akhir tahun hanya 85 persen yang hamil," katanya.TABLOIDBINTANG Berita lainnya: Putri Raja Arab Sewa 41 Kamar Hotel di Paris Selama 5 Bulan Sebab Ibu Menyusui Disarankan Makan Kacang-kacangan Alasan Anak Wajib Sikat Gigi Sebelum Tidur Malam
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