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Senyawa Hiu Bisa Obati Parkinson Squalamine, senyawa kimia yang ditemukan dalam tubuh ikan hiu dogfish ternyata berpotensi mengurangi pembentukan protein beracun yang terkait dengan perkembangan penyakit parkinson. Penelitian terbaru ini diterbitkan dalamProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Squalamine menghentikan penumpukan dan toksisitas dari protein alpha-synuclein (a-synuclein ) dalam model gelang dari penyakit dan sel saraf manusia. Parkinson adalah kondisi progresif yang ditandai dengan tremor, masalah gerakan tubuh, ektremitas kekakuan, dan masalah keseimbangan juga koordinasi tubuh.
Satu juta orang di Amerika Serikat hidup dengan parkinson per tahunnya. Penyebab parkinson sejauh ini belum jelas. Penelitian terakhir menunjukkan penumpukana-synuclein di otak berperan dalam perkembangan penyakit ini. Gumpalana-synuclein ini menyebabkan kematian sel otak.
Baca juga:Bantu Penderita Parkinson, Ilmuwan Buat Video Pengukur Halusinasi
Peneliti kemudian berburu senyawa yang bisa memblokir penggumpalan tersebut, sehingga membantu mengobati atau mencegah penyakit. Rekan penulis, Dr Michael Zasloff yang juga profesor bedah dan pediatri di Georgetown University School of Medicine di Washington mengatakan squalamine menjadi bahan obat paling potensial.
Squalamine adalah senyawa yang berasal dari jaringan hiu dogfish yang melindungi sel saraf manusia dari racuna-synuclein karena bersifat antimikroba. Senyawa ini pertama kali ditemukan Dr Zasloff pada awal 1990-an.
Peneliti melakukan serangkaian percobaan invitro untuk melihat interaksi squalamine dengan a-synuclein dan lipid vesikel. Tim menemukan senyawa ini menghentikan penggumpalan dengan cara mencegah protein yang mengikat menjadi bermuatan negatif ke vesikel lipil di mana a-synuclein biasanya terbentuk.
Tim mengujikan squalamine pada cacing gelang Caenorhabditis elegans. Ini karena cacing ini memiliki setidaknya 40 persen gen yang sama dengan manusia, sehingga bisa menjadi model ideal untuk uji coba penyakit manusia. Peneliti kemudian memodifikasi cacing tersebut sehingga menderita lumpuh layaknya parkinson pada manusia.
"Kami benar-benar melihat bahwa squalamine mencegah perkembangana-synuclein dan menghentikan kelumpuhan otot pada cacing," kata Zasloff, dilansir dariMedical News Today belum lama ini. Peneliti secara keseluruhan percaya bahwa studi ini sangat potensial. Mereka sedang mengembangkan penelitian lanjutan untuk menguji senyawa langsung pada pasien manusia yang menderita parkinson.