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Studi: Monyet yang Teriak Lebih Keras Punya ‘Biji’ Lebih Kecil pada 7 tahun lalu - byTio Dunia mengetahui spesies monyethowler (darihowl , melolong) sebagai hewan darat dengan bunyi paling keras di dunia. Teriakannya mencapai 140 desibel, yang mana setara dengan keras suara tembakan senjata api dan lebih kencang dari suara konser musik rock yang cuma mencapai 110 desibel. Bom nuklir saja ‘hanya’ 240 desibel --monyet howler mudah saja mencapai lebih dari separuhnya.
Dan benar saja, keunggulan mereka dalam kerasnya suara ini menjadi senjata untuk monyet howler jantan menarik perhatianhowler betina. Semakin keras suara mereka, semakin jantan pula mereka di mata para betina.Rawr .
Namun begitu, realita menghantam monyet-monyet tersebut dengan keras. Studi menemukan bahwa kerasnya teriakan monyethowler berbanding terbalik dengan ukuran pusaka kejantanan mereka. Semakin keras teriakanhowler , semakin kecil ukuran testis mereka.
Kesimpulan tersebut ditemukan oleh sekelompok peneliti dari Cambridge University, yang membandingkan ukuran testis dari puluhan monyet dengan ukuran tulanghyoid mereka. Semakin besar tulanghyoid tersebut --yang berguna untuk menggemakan suara mereka-- ternyata dikompensasi dengan ukuran testis yang semakin kecil. Hasil penelitian tersebut dipublikasikan di jurnalCurrent Biology .
“Kami menemukan pejantan denganhyoid yang lebih besar, yang punya suara dalam lebih keras, memiliki testis yang lebih kecil dan hidup dengan kelompok harem kecil dengan dia sebagai pejantan satu-satunya,” ucap antropologis Leslie Knapp, salah satu peneliti kelompok tersebut seperti dikutip dariVice Motherboard . “Sementara itu, pejantan denganhyoid yang lebih kecil akan hidup dengan kelompok yang lebih besar dengan beberapa pejantan lainnya.”
Rupanya, penemuan ini amat penting untuk memahami struktur sosial dan pola reproduksi monyethowler . Seperti yang diucapkan Knapp, monyethowler yang punya suara lebih kencang hanya akan hidup di tengah-tengah sebuah kelompok harem kecil. Meski ia menjadi satu-satunya pejantan, jumlah betina yang ada di kelompok tersebut akan jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan betina yang hidup di kelompok monyethowler yang bersuara kecil.
Dan mereka yang bersuara lebih kecil akan hidup dengan beberapa pejantan lainnya. Imbasnya, jumlah betina yang akan hidup di kelompok dengan banyak pejantan tersebut akan lebih banyak ketimbang kelompok monyethowler yang bersuara kencang. Dan di kelompok ini, para monyet akan melakukan kopulasi secara bebas dengan satu sama lain. Seekor pejantan bisa saja menjamah semua betina di kelompoknya, berbeda dengan betina-betina di kelompok monyet bersuara nyaring yang secara eksklusif mereka miliki sendiri.
Dari situ, muncul dua strategi bagi monyethowler jantan untuk memperoleh keturunan. Monyethowler yang bersuara keras akan membuat kelompok kecilnya eksklusif karena tak mampu bersaing dalam membuahi betina sebanyak monyethowler yang punya ukuran testis lebih besar.