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Tak Semua Perokok Kena Kanker Paru? Ini Tanggapan Dokter Kebiasaan merokok seringkali dikaitkan dengan berbagai risiko penyakit, seperti serangan jantung, stroke hingga kanker paru-paru. Tapi ada pula beberapa perokok aktif yang ternyata tak terkena kanker paru hingga akhir usianya. Kira-kira kenapa ya? Dokter spesialis paru Elisna Syahruddin, dari RSUP Persahabatan mengatakan rokok memang meningkatkan risiko seseorang terkena kanker hingga 8 kali, tapi bagaimana kebiasaan tersebut mengantarkan seseorang hingga mengidap kanker tergantung pada kemampuan sel tubuh merespon perubahan yang mengarah kanker. "Jadi, tergantung kemampuan sel normal dalam merespon perubahan, kalau kalah maka akan jadi tidak normal. Ada prosesnya, mulai dari fase inisiasi, promosi hingga menjadi kanker," ujarnya pada temu media Ngobras di Jakarta, Jumat (10/2/2017). Elisna menambahkan pada fase inisiasi, ketika imunitas tubuh tidak bagus, maka di sinilah risiko kanker mengintai. Sebaliknya, ketika kekebalan tubuh bagus, sel abnormal akan kembali menjadi normal. "Kalau lolos, maka akan berubah jadi fase promosi. Ini sel sudah tidak normal. Tapi beberapa orang tubuhnya punya kemampuan untuk membunuh sel yang tidak normal sehingga tidak jadi kanker," tambah dia. Namun, pada orang dengan kemampuan tubuh dalam melawan sel kanker kurang bagus, fase ini sangat menentukan pertumbuhan kanker. Sehingga, kata Elisna, imunitas tubuh sangat berperan dalam menentukan risiko kanker. "Ketika imunitasnya bagus dan tidak ada penyakit penyerta, maka pertumbuhan sel kanker bisa lebih lambat. Itu sebabnya kanker paru biasanya tanpa gejala di awal," imbuhnya. Kanker paru sendiri merupakan penyumbang insiden kanker pada laki-laki tertinggi di Indonesia, diikuti kanker kolorektal, prostat, hati, dan nasofaring. Penemuan kanker paru pada stadium dini akan sangat membantu penderita memperoleh kualitas hidup lebih baik.
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