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Throwback Tech: Mengenang Sejarah dan ‘Kematian’ MP3 Ilustrasi (Foto: Unsplash)
Uzone.id - Anak generasi 2000an mana yang tak mengenal format audio MP3. Kualitas audio yang tergolong bagus dengan ukuran file yang jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan WAV, tak pelak membuatnya terkenal sejak akhir 1990an. Namun belakangan nama MP3 seolah tenggelam. Posisinya digantikan dengan format audio lain yang disebut Advanced Audio Coding alias AAC. Secara teknologi, AAC memang dirancang sebagai penerus format MP3. Lihat saja teknologinya yang mampu memberikan suara lebih baik dari MP3 namun dengan bitrate sama, karena AAC mendukung 96 Khz audio dan stereo di 6Kbits secara bersamaan.
Perlahan MP3 memang tenggelam sebelum akhirnya benar-benar ‘dimatikan’. Kalah bersaing adalah alasan utamanya. Seperti dikutipUzone.id dariThe Tech Times , Senin (5/10), AAC awalnya hanya bekerja pada iTunes, iPad dan Microsoft Zune. Namun setelahnya sejumlah perangkat lain mengikuti. Sebagian besar ponsel pintar pun juga mendukung fitur AAC yang tergolong teknologi baru.
Kalah dari AAC, pada Mei 2017, Pencipta dan pemilik format MP3, Fraunhofer Institure for Integrated Circuits di Jerman, telah menghentikan program linsensi untuk audio codec MP3. Mati di sini maksudnya MP3 tidak benar-benar mati, namun lebih kepada dihentikan pengembanganya dan berhenti untuk dilisensikan oleh si pemiliknya.
Baca juga: Throwback Tech: Nokia Pertama dengan Kamera Fraunhofer-Gesellshaft, sebuah perusahaan Jerman, menemukan dan mengembangkan MP3, dan memiliki hak paten lisensi untuk teknologi kompresi sampai kematiannya tiga tahun lalu. Penemu yang terdaftar dalam paten tersebut adalah Bernhard Grill, Karl-Heinz Brandenburg, Thomas Sporer, Bernd Kurten, dan Ernst Eberlein. Bernhard Grill, yang terlibat dalam pengembangan MP3 mengatakan bahwa AAC menawarkan lebih banyak fungsi daripada MP3.Sejarah Singkat MP3 • 1987 - Institut Fraunhofer di Jerman mulai meneliti pengkodean audio kecepatan bit rendah berkualitas tinggi. Itu disebut proyek EUREKA EU147, Digital Audio Broadcasting. • Januari 1988 - The Moving Picture Experts Group, atau MPEG, didirikan. • April 1989 - Fraunhofer menerima paten di Jerman untuk MP3. • 1992 - Dieter Seitzer, yang membantu penelitian Fraunhofer, mengintegrasikan pengkodean audionya dengan MPEG-1. • 1993 - Standar MPEG-1 diterbitkan. • 1994 - Standar MPEG-2 dikembangkan dan kemudian diterbitkan setahun kemudian. • 26 November 1996 - Paten di Amerika Serikat untuk MP3 dikeluarkan. • September 1998 - Fraunhofer mulai memberlakukan hak paten. Siapapun yang menggunakan pengkodean audio MP3 membayar biaya lisensi kepada Fraunhofer. • Februari 1999 - SubPop, sebuah perusahaan rekaman pertama, mendistribusikan musik dalam format MP3. • 1999 - Pemutar MP3 portabel pertama kali muncul.