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Mengenal Kanker pada Anak dan Faktor Risikonya Uzone.id - Kanker atau tumor ganas adalah pertumbuhan sel atau jaringan yang tidak terkendali, terus bertumbuh dan bertambah, serta tidak dapat mati. Tidak hanya terjadi pada orang dewasa, kanker juga dapat menyerang anak-anak.
Kanker anak adalah kanker yang menyerang anak berusia di bawah 18 tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan.
Jumlah kanker anak sekitar 3-5 persen dari keseluruhan penyakit kanker. Namun kanker menjadi penyebab kematian kedua terbesar pada anak di rentang usia 5-14 tahun.
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Setiap tahun, lebih dari 175.000 anak di dunia didiagnosis kanker, dan diestimasi 90.000 di antaranya meninggal dunia.
Angka kematian akibat kanker anak mencapai 50-60 persen, karena umumnya penderita datang terlambat atau sudah dalam stadium lanjut akibat gejala kanker yang sulit terdeteksi.
Terdapat enam jenis kanker yang sering menyerang anak-anak. Kanker tersebut adalah leukemia, retinoblastoma, osteosarkoma, neuroblastoma, limfoma maligna, dan karsinoma nasofaring. Leukemia merupakan kanker yang sering terjadi pada anak.
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Hingga saat ini belum diketahui secara pasti faktor risiko dan penyebab kanker pada anak. Hal ini diduga merupakan interaksi dari empat faktor, yaitu genetik, zat kimia, virus, dan radiasi.
Berbeda dengan kanker pada orang dewasa, kanker pada anak memang lebih sulit diketahui. Sebab anak-anak pada umumnya belum mampu untuk mengemukakan apa yang dirasakan.
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Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk mengenali tanda dan gejala kanker pada anak, sehingga dapat dilakukan penanganan segera dan tingkat kesembuhan menjadi lebih besar.
Orang tua diharapkan dapat mendiagnosa kanker pada stadium awal, sehingga dapat dilakukan penanganan lebih lanjut sesuai tingkat fasilitas kesehatan rujukan.